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A&P2 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

total body water content of infants

A

75%

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2
Q

total body water content of adults

A

55%

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3
Q

average Percent body water content in elderly

A

45%

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4
Q

what does an increase in the ECF solute content cause water to do?

A

move out of the cell

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5
Q

The hallmark symptom of hypotonic hydration

A

hyponatremia

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6
Q

Which electrolyte is never secreted into the filtrate?

A

Sodium

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7
Q

where is milk stored?

A

lactiferous sinus

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8
Q

the outer capsule that surrounds the ovulated oocyte

A

corona radiata

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9
Q

chronological order of a growing fertilized egg

A

Zygote, morula, blastocyst

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10
Q

types of granulocytes

A

eosinophils
basophils
neutrophils

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11
Q

The protein backbone of a blood clot

A

fibrin

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12
Q

Which enzyme converts fibrinogen into fibrin?

A

Thrombin

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13
Q

These structures prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves

A

Chordae tendineae

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14
Q

Deoxygenated blood from the myocardium enters the right atrium through the:

A

coronary sinus

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15
Q

The process in which antibodies coat foreign proteins

A

opsonization

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16
Q

The ability of antibodies to block specific sites on pathogens so that they cannot bind to cell receptors

A

neutralization

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17
Q

This cell is responsible for tissue graft rejection.

A

Cytotoxic T cell

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18
Q

The cells involved in cell-mediated immunity

A

lymphocytes

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19
Q

The cells involved in cell-mediated immunity

A

lymphocytes

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20
Q

The inflation reflex depends upon stimulation of which type of receptor?

A

Mechanoreceptors

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21
Q

Micelles are formed during the absorption of which nutrient?

A

Fatty acids

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22
Q

what layer of the glomerular capsule is part of the filtration membran?

A

the visceral layer

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23
Q

When glucose spills over into the urine it has:

A

exceeded its transport maximum

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24
Q

The main intracellular electrolyte

A

potassium

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25
Q

The area of the brain that plays a major role in water and electrolyte balance

A

hypothalamus

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26
Q

The driving force of water intake is

A

thirst.

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27
Q

Which solute plays the biggest role in water reabsorption?

A

Sodium ions

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28
Q

Aldosterone targets which part of the nephron?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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29
Q

The only electrolyte that exerts significant osmotic pressure

A

sodium ion.

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30
Q

Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate mainly by the:

A

proximal convoluted tubule.

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31
Q

The most important urine buffer

A

phosphate

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32
Q

Which ion is reabsorbed when hydrogen ions are secreted?

A

Sodium

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33
Q

what does parathormone enhance the reabsorption of ?

A

calcium ions

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34
Q

which condition can Hypoproteinemia lead to?

A

edema.

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35
Q

Amphoteric molecules are molecules that can:

A

act as either an acid or a base

36
Q

Hyperventilation leads to:

A

. respiratory alkalosis.

37
Q

Which portion of the penis contains the urethra?

A

Corpus spongiosum

38
Q

Where in the body are sperm stored?

A

Epididymis

39
Q

which hormones do spermatogenesis require?

A

LH
FSH
testosterone

40
Q

Where are fimbriae found?

A

Uterine tubes

41
Q

what anchors the uterus to the anterior body wall?

A

round ligament

42
Q

Immediately after ovulation, estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the

A

corpus luteum

43
Q

during what part of the cardiac cycle is the tricuspid valve open?

A

ventricular filling

44
Q

where can u hear the tricuspid valve?

A

fifth intercoastal space the right of the sternum

45
Q

best point to listen for the mitral valve

A

fifth intercoastal space to the left of the sternum

46
Q

best point to listen for the pulmonary valve

A

second intercoastal space to the left of the sternum

47
Q

best point to listen for the aortic valve

A

second intercoastal space to the right of the sternum

48
Q

term for a valve when it doesn’t open properly

A

stenosis

49
Q

what does aldosterone stimulate reabsorption of?

A

sodium

50
Q

what does aldosterone stimulate secretion of?

A

potassium

51
Q

when does ADH secretion increase?

A

when plasma osmolality is low

52
Q

what stimulates the release of aldosterone?

A

Angiotensin II

53
Q

what do macula densa cells cause when NaCl concentration in the filtrate is high?

A

constriction of the afferent arteroile and a reduction in GFR

54
Q

What range of MAP allows renal autoregulation to maintain a nearly constant GFR

A

80-180

55
Q

days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle

A

the menstrual phase

56
Q

cells that secrete testosterone

A

leydig cells

57
Q

secretions of which gland serve as a lubricant during sexual intercourse

A

bulbourethral gland

58
Q

what does ANP promote?

A

sodium excretion

59
Q

Where are fimbriae found?

A

Uterine tubes

60
Q

When in the uterine cycle are progesterone levels the highest?

A

During the secretory phase

61
Q

Cryptorchidism is a condition where

A

testes fail to descend

62
Q

normal pH of urine

A

4.5-8

63
Q

where are Nutrients in the filtrate reabsorbed?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

64
Q

The pocket-like sacs of the large intestine

A

haustra

65
Q

This substance secreted by the pancreas helps neutralize chyme.

A

Bicarbonate

66
Q

Most of the digestive enzymes found in the small intestine are secreted by this accessory organ

A

Pancreas

67
Q

The first antibody class to be released into the bloodstream during an immune response

A

IgM

68
Q

The unresponsiveness of our lymphocytes to our own body cells

A

self-tolerance

69
Q

The lymphoid organ that does not directly fight antigens

A

thymus

70
Q

Isolated areas of lymphoid follicles found in the intestinal mucosa

A

Peyer’s patches

71
Q

what hormone increases during the follicular phase?

A

FSH

72
Q

where is fat digested?

A

small intestine

73
Q

during which ovarian phase is there a decrease in FSH and LH?

A

the luteal phase

74
Q

what stimulates that pancreas to release bicarbonate?

A

secretin

75
Q

what is tidal volume

A

regular breathing amount

76
Q

at what temp is sperm produced?

A

92.6

77
Q

how to find pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

78
Q

which cells form the blood testis barrier

A

sertoli cells

79
Q

found in tears and sweat

A

IgA

80
Q

where does inhibin target?

A

the anterior pituitary gland

81
Q

days of the menstrual cycle when the proliferate phase occurs

A

6-14

82
Q

another name for the secretory phase

A

postovulatory

83
Q

phase of the menstrual cycle when the glands enlarge and spiral arteries increase in number

A

proliferate phase

84
Q

another name for the proliferate phase of the menstrual cycle

A

preovulatory

85
Q

phase of the ovarian cycle when granulosa cells and internal thecal cells form corpus luteum

A

ovulation

86
Q

phase of the ovarian cycle when the primary follicle is activated

A

follicular

A&P2 (19 decks)

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