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A&P2 > chapter 17 > Flashcards

chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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2
Q

blood vessels returning blood to the heart

A

veins

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3
Q

where is the heart located?

A

in the mediastinum between the second rib and fifth intercoastal space

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4
Q

double walled sac that encloses the heart

A

pericardium

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5
Q

epithelial membrane that covers the pericardium

A

serosa

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6
Q

2 layers of the serosa

A

parietal layer

visceral layer

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7
Q

major veins of the heart

A

small cardiac vein
anterior cardiac vein
coronary sinus
great cardiac veins

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8
Q

major arteries of the coronary circulation

A

right and left coronary artery
marginal artery
circumflex artery
anterior and posterior interventricular artery

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9
Q

which side of the heart is the pump for the pulmonary circuit?

A

right heart

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10
Q

which side of the heart is the pump for the systemic circuit?

A

left heart

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11
Q

valves between the atria and ventricles

A

atrioventricular valves

AV valves

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12
Q

what connects smooth muscle cells and allows for ions to pass freely from cell to cell?

A

gap junctions

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13
Q

The pathway of blood from the heart to the lungs

A

Right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary trunk > pulmonary arteries > lungs

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14
Q

Pathways of blood from the lungs through the heart

A

Lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > systemic circulation

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15
Q

Describe the cardiac muscle cells

A

striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected

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16
Q

3 ion channels of cardiac muscles

A
  1. Na+ channels for Na + inflow
  2. K + channels for K + outflow
  3. Ca2+ channels for Ca2+ inflow
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17
Q

what triggers the opening of Ca sensitive channels in the SR

A

Ca influx

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18
Q

where is the tricuspid valve located?

A

between the right atrium and ventricle

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19
Q

where is the mitral valve located?

A

between the left atrium and ventricle

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20
Q

to which side of the body is the apex of the heart pointed?

A

left hip

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21
Q

what marks the exterior boundary between the ventricles?

A

anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus

22
Q

cardiac muscle tissue is found in which layer of the heart?

A

myocardium

23
Q

valve between the right atrium and ventricle

A

tricuspid

24
Q

valve between the left atrium and ventricle

A

bicuspid or mitral valve

25
Q

the anterior surface of the heart consists mostly of what chamber?

A

right ventricle

26
Q

structure that prevents prolapse of the atrioventricular valves

A

chordae tendineae

27
Q

how does oxygenated blood return to the heart?

A

through the pulmonary veins

28
Q

where blood goes when it is pumped out of the left ventricle?

A

aorta

29
Q

what prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle?

A

aortic semilunar valve

30
Q

where does deoxygenated blood from the myocardium enter the right atrium through?

A

the coronary sinus

31
Q

period of time when atrial repolarization occurs

A

QRS complex

32
Q

another name for atrioventricular groove

A

coronary sulcus

33
Q

where is 2/3rd of the heart located?

A

left of the midsternal line

34
Q

2 layers of the pericardium

A

parietal and visceral

35
Q

what covers the pericardium?

A

the serosa

36
Q

3 ion channels of cardiac muscle

A

Ca - calcium
NA - sodium
K - potassium

37
Q

The epicardium is also what layer of the pericardium?

A

the visceral layer

38
Q

tough outer layer surrounding the pericardium

A

the superficial fibrous pericardium

39
Q

what is it called when all cardiac muscle cells act as if they are one big cell?

A

functional syncytium

40
Q

what is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A

the myocardium

41
Q

what do cardiac muscle cells have more of compared to skeletal muscle cells?

A

mitochondria

42
Q

what causes action potential in cardiac muscle cells

A

Calcium

43
Q

what causes repolarization in cardiac muscle cells

A

inactivation of the Ca channels and opening of voltage gates K+ channels

44
Q

what is the voltage change during depolarization

A

-90mV to +30mV

45
Q

which ventricle has a thicker wall?

A

the left ventricle

46
Q

where does the myocardium receive its blood supply from?

A

coronary arteries

47
Q

what provides collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle

A

anastomoses

48
Q

where are trabeculae carnae found?

A

in the ventricles

49
Q

function of auricles

A

increase volume of the atria

50
Q

where does the right atria receive blood from?

A

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus

51
Q

what cone shaped muscles do both ventricles have?

A

papillary muscles

52
Q

what muscles are found in the atria?

A

pectinate muscles

A&P2 (19 decks)

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