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A&P2 > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of Arteries and Veins

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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2
Q

2 types of Arteries

A

Elastic (Conducting) Arteries

Muscular (Distributing) Arteries and Arterioles

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3
Q

Another name of elastic arteries

A

Conducting Arteries

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4
Q

Another name for muscular arteries

A

Distributing arteries

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5
Q

3 types of Capillaries

A

Continuous Capillaries
Fenestrated Capillaries
Sinusoidal Capillaries

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6
Q

5 hormones that play a role in short term regulation of blood pressure

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Angiotensin II
Atrial natriurectic peptide (ANP)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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7
Q

main factors influencing blood pressure

A

cardiac output
peripheral resistance
blood volume

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8
Q

vital signs

A

pulse blood
blood pressure
Respiratory rate
body temperature

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9
Q

what does hypertension cause?

A

heart failure
vascular disease
renal failure
stroke

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10
Q

where are chemoreceptors located?

A

carotid sinus
aortic arch
large arteries of the neck

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11
Q

structure of elastic or conducting arteries

A

thick walls and elastic fibers in all 3 layers

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12
Q

structure of muscular or distributing arteries

A

few elastic fibbers but a thick tunica media with a high percentage of smooth muscle

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13
Q

which type of capillary has tight junctions?

A

continuous capillaries

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14
Q

which type of capillary allows large molecules and blood cells to pass through?

A

sinusoidal capillaries

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15
Q

which capillaries contain pores?

A

fenestrated capillaries

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16
Q

which capillaries are only found the liver, bone marrow, and spleen?

A

sinosoidal capillaries

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17
Q

where is blood pressure the highest?

A

in the aorta

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18
Q

the highest pressure found during ventricular systole/contraction

A

systolic pressure

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19
Q

the lower pressure during the phase of ventricular relaxation/diastole

A

diastolic pressure

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20
Q

how to find pulse pressure

A

subtract diastolic pressure from systolic pressure

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21
Q

what is the unit used to measure blood pressure?

A

mm Hg

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22
Q

the pressure that pushes the blood along through the system

A

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

23
Q

blood vessel that distributes blood to organs

A

arteries

24
Q

Which artery wall is responsible for vasoconstruction?

A

tunica media

25
Q

layer of the artery that is composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers.

A

tunica externa

26
Q

When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle contracts producing

A

a vascular spasm

27
Q

which type of artery functions as a pressure reservoir?

A

Elastic arteries

28
Q

After birth when the umbilical cord is cut what do the umbilical arteries fill with?

A

Connective tissue

29
Q

the muscular layer of blood vessels

A

tunica media

30
Q

what do venules unite to form?

A

veins

31
Q

blood vessels that are able to constrict

A

arterioles

32
Q

which vessels serve as a blood reservoir

A

veins

33
Q

how is blood pressure written?

A

systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure

34
Q

This part of the nervous system is responsible for vasomotor tone

A

Sympathetic

35
Q

what do baroreceptor in arteries respond to?

A

an increase in blood pressure

36
Q

what is the effect if Angiotensin II?

A

increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels

37
Q

ANP

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

38
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

39
Q

effect of ADH

A

intense vasoconstriction in cases of extremely low blood pressure

40
Q

effect of ANP

A

causes blood pressure to decline

41
Q

effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

increase the cardiac output by increasing heart rate and stroke volume

42
Q

what performs long term regulation of blood pressure

A

the kidneys

43
Q

healthy systolic BP

A

100-140mm Hg

44
Q

healthy diastolic BP

A

70-90mm Hg

45
Q

a sudden drop in BP when standing or sitting

A

orthostatic hypotension

46
Q

how do the kidneys lower blood volume?

A

by producing urine

47
Q

the two major factors that aid in the returning bloodflow

A

the respiratory pump and the muscular pump

48
Q

how respiratory pump works

A

every time we breathe in, the pressure inside the thorax decreases which leads to blood being sucked upwards from the abdominal cavity

49
Q

how muscular pump works

A

contraction of skeletal muscles pushes blood toward the heart because veins have valves

50
Q

what effect does Aldosterone have?

A

increases blood volume by increasing absorption of sodium

51
Q

what are short-term controls of blood pressure

A

neural and hormonal controls

52
Q

the pressure that pushes blood along through the system

A

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

53
Q

how to calculate MAP

A

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

A&P2 (19 decks)

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