Chapter 30 Flashcards
the primary sex organs
testes and ovaries
the sex hormones in men
Androgens
the sex hormones in women
Estrogens and progesterone
term for sex cells
gametes
the accessory reproductive organs
ducts, glands, and external genitalia
role of sex hormones
- development and function of reproductive organs
- sexual behavior and drives
- growth of other organs and tissues
R- function of the dartos muscle
wrinkles the scrotal skin for temperature regulation
function of the cremaster muscles
elevates the testes
the 2 tunics that surround the testes
tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
what divides the testes into 250-300 lobules
the septa
the male copulatory organ
the penis
where does sperm gain its motility?
the epididymis
another word for foreskin
prepuce
R- function of Sertoli cells
- Provide nutrients and signals to dividing cells
- Dispose of excess cytoplasm sloughed off during spermiogenesis
3 regions of the sperm
head
midpiece
tail
what hormone causes Steroli cells to release androgen-binding protein?
FSH
what is the function of androgen binding protein (ABP)?
makes spermatogenic cells receptive to testosterone
another word for Sertoli cells
sustentacular cells
another word for Leydig cells
insterstitial cells
what hormone stimulates Leydig cells to release testosterone?
LH (luteinizing hormone)
what is the final trigger for spermatogenesis?
testosterone
what releases gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)?
hypothalamus
2 gonadotropins released by the anterior pituitary
FSH
LH
what stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
the most common bacterial STD in the united states
chlamydia trachomatis
the bacteria that causes syphilis
treponema pallidum
3 accessory glands of male reproduction
- seminal vesicles
- prostate
- bulbourethral or Cowper’s gland
the system of ducts that deliver sperm to the exterior?
Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and the urethra
what do the acessory sex glands do?
Empty secretions into the ducts during ejaculation
what layer is the white coat that surround the testes?
Tunica albuginea
path of sperm through the testes
Seminiferous tubules Tubulus rectus Rete testis Efferent tubules Epididymis
cells outside the seminiferous tubules that produce androgens
Interstitial (Leydig) cells
what anchors the penis to the pubic arch
Crura
where a vasectomy is done
Ductus deferens
function of the ductus deferens
propel sperm during ejaculation
what joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct?
seminal vesicle
what 2 things form the ejaculatory duct?
seminal vesicle and ductus deferens
what gland plays a role in the activation of sperm?
prostate gland
what does the prostate gland secrete?
milky, slightly acid fluid
what makes up 70% of the volume of semen?
viscous alkaline seminal fluid
another word for bulbouethral glands
Cowper’s Glands
function of prostaglandins
- Decrease the viscosity of mucus in the cervix
- Stimulate reverse peristalsis in the uterus
what neutralizes the acid in the male urethra and female vagina?
the Alkalinity of sperm
where does Spermatogenesis occur?
seminiferous tubules
what is testosterone sythesized from?
cholesterol
bacteria that causes Gonorrhea
n. gonorrhea
what works well against gonorrhea?
antibiotics
which STD can effect the fetus
Syphilis
which STD is most common on college campuses
Chlamydia
2nd most common STD in US
Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV)
what causes Genital Herpes?
Human Herpes Virus type 2
Most common curable STD
Trichomoniasis
STD linked to prostate cancer in men
Trichomoniasis
which region of the sperm has mitochondria?
mid piece
what is the acrosome?
helmet like portion of the head of the sperm
portion of the sperm that contains the paternal DNA
the head
what causes the erectile tissue to fill with blood?
Nitric oxide
what is the male sexual response?
an erection
R- what is spermatogenesis?
a sequence of events that produces sperm in the seminiferous tubules
what type of reflex is an erection?
parasympathetic reflex
what type of reflex is ejaculation?
sympathetic reflex
2 corpus bodies in the penis
corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum
which corpus body in the penis compresses drainage veins and achieves and maintains an erection?
corpora cavernosa
which corpus body in the penis keeps the urethra open allowing the semen to pass through during ejaculation?
corpus spongiosum
3 regions of the urethra
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy or penile urethra
shortest region of the urethra
membranous urethra
longest region of the urethra
spongy or penile urethra
where is the prostatic urethra located?
within the prostate gland
where does the membranous urethra pass through?
the urogenital diaphragm
another name for STDs
venereal diseases
the single most important causes of reproductive disorders
STDs
Which tube carries sperm from the scrotum to the abdominopelvic cavity?
Ductus deferens
Which portion of the penis contains the urethra?
Corpus spongiosum
Spermatogenesis requires which hormones?
LH
FSH
Testosterone
what is the crura?
anchors the penis to the pubic arch
muscle that elevates the testes
creamaster muscles
cells that secrete testosterone
leydig cells
function of the epididymis
sperm maturation
what is formed by the unoin of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens?
ejaculatory duct
what gland secretes alkaline, frutose filled fluid
seminal glands
where is sperm produces?
seminiferous tubules
the pea-sized accessory glands
cowper’s gland
accessory gland that secretes milky, slightly acid fluid
prostate
accessory gland that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra
cowpers gland
accessory gland that produces 70% of the volume of semen
seminal vesicle
accessory gland that encircles part of the urethra inferior to the bladder
prostate
what is released if there is too much sperm
inhibin
good temp for scromtum
6 degrees below body temp
corpus body that keeps urethra open
spongiosum
Encloses nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics that supply the testes
Spermatic cord
which cells form tight junctions that forms a blood-testis barrier?
Sustentacular Cells
what type of infection is syphilis?
bacterial
what type of infection is Trichomoniasis?
Parasitic infection
