Chapter 26 Flashcards
3 digestive processes in the stomach
physical digestion
mechanical digestion
chemical digestion
what mechanical digestion does the stomach do?
churning
how does chemical digestion happen in the stomach?
- HCl denatures functional and structural units of proteins
- Proteins are broken down by pepsin
how does physical digestion happen in the stomach?
the low pH denatures proteins
what breaks down starch in the mouth?
amylase
what initiates constant mixing
intrinsic pacemaker cells
where are all carbs transported?
to the liver via the hepatic portal vein
what needs to happen to lipids in order to digest them?
emulsification
Fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, and K
Water-soluble vitamins
vitamin C and B vitamins
4 Digestive Processes of the mouth
Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
2 Digestive Processes of the small intestine
Chemical Digestion
Physical Digestion
where does primary active transport get energy from?
hydrolysis
term for when more that one substance is transported at the same time during active transport
cotransport
term for when substances transported in the same direction during active transport
Symport
term for when substances transported in opposite directions
Antiport
what does secondary active transport depend on?
the ion gradient created by the primary transport
how are vitamins A, D, E, and K absorbed?
with fat in the small intestine through lacteals
what is the total fluid turnover in he digestive system?
9L/day
where is 95% of water absorbed
in the small intestine
- the rest is absorbed in the large intestine
How are vitamin C and B absorbed?
by diffusion or by passive or active transporters
digestion of what would be effected the most if the liver were severely damaged?
lipids
how are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa?
active transport
what splits up triglycerides?
lipase
