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Neuroscience > Exam Three - visual motor > Flashcards

Exam Three - visual motor Flashcards

1
Q

duction

A

eye movement of one eye

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2
Q

intorsion

A

medial rotation of the eye around its axis

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3
Q

extorsion

A

top of eye rotates away from the nose

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4
Q

dextroversion

A

move both eyes to the right

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5
Q

levoversion

A

both eyes move left

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6
Q

version

A

both eyes move

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7
Q

vergence

A

eyes moving in opposite directions
convergences and divergences

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8
Q

extraocular muscles

A

1 - lateral rectus
2 - superior rectus
3 - superior oblique
4 - medial rectus
5 - inferior rectus
6 - inferior oblque

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9
Q

what muscles do CN 3 innervate

A

medial, superior, and inferior rectus
inferior oblique

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10
Q

what muscle does CN4 innervate

A

superior oblique

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11
Q

what muscle does CN 6 innervate

A

lateral rectus

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12
Q

lateral rectus action

A

pulls eye laterally

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13
Q

medial rectus action

A

pulls eyes medially

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14
Q

superior rectus action

A

brings eye laterally and up

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15
Q

inferior rectus action

A

brings eye laterally and down

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16
Q

inferior oblique

A

brings eye medially and up

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17
Q

superior oblique action

A

brings eye medially and down

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18
Q

3 muscles of the eye lid

A

1 - levator palperbral (CN3)
2 - orbicularis oculi (CN2)
3 - tarsal muscles

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19
Q

where does CN3 nucleus arise from

A

midbrain

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20
Q

what composes the oculomotor complex

A

1 - oculomotor nucleus
2 - caudal central nucleus
3 - Edinger-westphal nucleus

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21
Q

what is right next to the MLF

A

trochlear nucleus

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22
Q

abducens has connections with oculomotor via ______ for conjugate movements for lateral gaze

A

MLF

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23
Q

functional classes of human eye movement

A

1 - vestibular
2 - visual fixation
3 - optokinetic
4 - smooth pursuit
5 - nystagmus quick phases
6 - saccades
7 - vergence

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24
Q

this holds images of the seen world steady on the retina during brief rotations or translations. compensatory for high frequency head movements

A

vestibular

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25
Q

this holds images of a stationary object on the fovea by minimizing ocular drifts

A

visual fixation

26
Q

this holds images of seen world steady on the retina during sustained head rotations

A

optokinetic

27
Q

this resets the eyes during prolonged rotation and direct gaze towards the oncoming visual scene

A

nystagmus

28
Q

this brings images of objects of interest onto the fovea

A

saccades

29
Q

this moves the eyes in opposite directions so that images of a single object are placed or help simultaneously on the fovea

A

vergence

30
Q

retinal slip

A

difference between eye velocity and head velocity

31
Q

for normal vision retinal slip must be less than

A

2deg/sec

32
Q

retinal error induces this

A

saccadic eye movement which brings fovea to the target

33
Q

T or F: cervico-ocular reflex has a low gain

A

T
note: it may help people with labrinthine dysfunction

34
Q

optokinetic system

A

supplements the translation of the VOR
combo of saccade and smooth pursuit eye movements to hold gaze on an object during self-motion

35
Q

smooth pursuit

A

a type of voluntary eye movement in which the eyes move smoothly to follow a moving object

36
Q

T or F: smooth pursuit is affected by vestibular loss

A

F

37
Q

damage to the smooth pursuit system is often caused by

A

cerebellar lesions

38
Q

what is one important function of saccades

A

visual search of environment

39
Q

where is the horizontal gaze center located

A

paramedian pontine reticular formation

40
Q

where is the vertical gaze center located

A

midbrain
rostral interstitial nucleus

41
Q

activation of the gaze centers results in

A

oblique saccadic movement

42
Q

the ___ and _____ provide complementary pathways for the control of saccades

A

frontal eye lids
superior colliculus

43
Q

3 physiological nystagmus causes

A

1 - vestibular induced
2 - visually induced
3 - extreme end point induced

44
Q

2 pathological nystagmus

A

spontaneous and positional

45
Q

what is the purpose of vergence

A

view near objects

46
Q

what are the 2 primary stimuli for vergence

A

1 - disparity
2 - retinal blur

47
Q

T or F: vergence movement is mainly performed unconsciously

A

T

48
Q

What CN are you testing when doing far to near vision

A

CN2 and 3

49
Q

unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy: lesion on GSE components

A

ptosis
affected eye will abduct and depress

50
Q

unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy: lesion on GVE components

A

loss of pupillary light reflex
resting pupil is large

51
Q

mydriasis

A

dilated pupils

52
Q

what may cause CN3 palsy

A

congenital
ischemia
aneurysm
tumor

53
Q

this accounts for most causes of acquired vertical stabismus

A

CN4 palsy

54
Q

CN4 palsy

A

vertical and torsional diplopia that is worse when looking down
the effected eye will elevate and extort

55
Q

this is the most common ocular motor palsy

A

CN6 palsy

56
Q

CN6 palsy

A

medially directed eye that cannot abduct
horizontal diplopia

57
Q

strabismus

A

misalignment of visual axes
diplopia

58
Q

any interruption in the sympathetic system to the eye will result in this

A

Horner’s syndrome

59
Q

T or F: symptoms of horner’s syndrome occur on the contralateral side of lesion

A

F: ipsilateral

60
Q

symptoms of horner’s syndrome

A

ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis, enophthalamus

61
Q

anhidrosis

A

abnormal condition of no sweat

62
Q

enophthalamus

A

sunken eyes

Neuroscience (25 decks)

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