Exam One - Pons/Mesencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 regions of the pons?

A
  • tegmentum
  • basilar pons
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2
Q

where is the basilar pons

A
  • ventral portion
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3
Q

What does the basilar pons contain?

A

-descending tracts: corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine (motor tracts)
-transversely oriented pontocerebellar tracts
-pontine nuceli

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4
Q

What does the tegmentum contain?

A
  • cranial nerve nuclei
  • ascending sensory pathways
  • reticular formation
  • periaqueductal grey matter
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5
Q

What is the one CN that crosses?

A

4

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6
Q

rhomboid fossa

A

floor of the 4th ventricle, named after shape

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7
Q

facial colliculus

A

swelling on the floor of the 4th ventricle, cause by CN 7 looping over CN 6 nucleus

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8
Q

vestibular area

A

overlies the vestibular nuclei
- balance and coordination of eye and head movements

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9
Q

sulcus limitans

A

groove in the floor of the 4th ventricle, separates motor and sensory nuclei

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10
Q

gracile tubercle

A

swelling on the dorsal surface of the medulla formed by the gracile nucleus

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11
Q

CN 6

A
  • abducens nerve
  • supplies somatic motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye (turns it laterally)
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12
Q

CN 7

A

-facial nerve
0 carries nerve fibers that control facial movement and expression
-also carries fibers involved in taste to the ant 2/3 of the tongue and produces tears
- has small branches involved in moderating sensitivity to noise volume (stapedius muscle)

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13
Q

What supplies blood to the pons?

A

medial to lateral
branches of BA:
-paramedian
-short circumferential
- long cercumferential

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14
Q

cranial nerve associated with the pons proper

A

5

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15
Q

cranial nerves associated with the pontomedullary junction

A

6,7,8

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16
Q

if CN5 is damaged

A

-trigeminal
-ipsilateral alteration of pain, temperature, light touch on the face

17
Q

if CN 6 is damaged

A
  • abducens
  • ipsilateral weakness of abduction (lateral movement of eye)
18
Q

if CN 7 is damaged

A
  • facial
    -ipsilateral facial weakness
19
Q

if CN 8 is damaged

A
  • auditory
  • ipsilateral deafness
20
Q

The midbrain is the ______ segment of the brainstem

21
Q

the midbrain is continuous with the pons ________

22
Q

the midbrain is continuous with the diencephalon ________

23
Q

tectum

A
  • “roof” of midbrain
  • contains superior and inferior colliculi
24
Q

crus cerebri

A

huge white masses, form the ventral surface (base) of the midbrain

25
tracts of midbrain
corticopontine corticobulbar corticospinal
26
substantia nigra
movement control center, sends dopaminergic fibers to the striatum damaged in parkinson's disease
27
tegmentum
core of the brainstem
28
superior colliculus
visual relay center
29
inferior colliculus
auditory relay center
30
______ changes orientation as it moves from the medulla to the VPL of the thalamus
medial lemniscus
31
What artery supplies the midbrain?
basilar
32
What specific branches off the basilar artery supply the midbrain?
- superior cerebellar a (SCA) - posterior cerebral a (PCA) : also a branch of PCA called quadrigeminal artery (QA) - posterior communicating a
33
what are the 2 cranial nerves found in the midbrain?
3 and 4
34
if CN3 is damaged
- oculomotor - impaired adduction, supraduction and infraduction of the ipsilateral eye - eye is turned out and slightly down
35
if CN 4 is damaged
- trochlear - contralateral - the eye is unable to look down when trying to look towards the nose
36
Where do CN 1&2 originate?
cerebrum
37
What are the 3 basic organizational principles for brainstem neurological syndromes?
1 - normally subdivided into medial (motor) or lateral (sensory) syndromes based on blood supply patterns and structures found within these patterns. 2 - unilateral involvement of long ascending/long descending tracts result in contralateral sensory and motor deficits 3 - cranial nuclei and nerve involvement result in ipsilateral motor and sensory deficits (except CN4)