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Neuroscience > Exam Three - ANS > Flashcards

Exam Three - ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the ANS

A

maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

peripheral SNS is found here and includes (2)

A

Thoracolumbar
Paravertebral (sympathetic trunk) and prevertebral ganglia

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3
Q

Visceral Afferents do this (3)

A

1 - participate in reflexes
2 - provide feedback (short loop reflex)
3 - provide some visceral sensation (especially pain)

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4
Q

SNS is characterized by

A

divergence

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5
Q

What is the exception to sympathetic tone

A

pregang innervation of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla

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6
Q

in sympathetic outflow soma of the pregang neuron is in the

A

lateral horn
axons leave the SC via the ventral root

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7
Q

in sympathetic outflow projection to the postgang neuron is in

A

sympathetic chain

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8
Q

The SNS postgang receptors are normally adrenergic but what are the exceptions

A

sweat glands (cholinergic)
Smooth muscles in blood vessels of skeletal muscle

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9
Q

SNS autoreceptors on the presynaptic terminal _______ NE release via _________ feedback

A

reduce
negative

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10
Q

en passant synapse

A

axon stimulates a synapse secondarily on its way to another neuron
1 effector cell with multiple neurons

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11
Q

Atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist

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12
Q

Hexamethonium

A

ganglionic blocker

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13
Q

The ANS ganglion is an integrator of these 3 inputs

A

1 - sensory neurons
2 - preganglionic fibers
3 - interneurons

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14
Q

What modulates ANS gang

A

Neuropeptide Y, VIP

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15
Q

Synergistic action of neurotransmitters of ANS gang lead to (2)

A

Fast and slow EPSPs and IPSPs

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16
Q

Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla derive from the

A

neural crest

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17
Q

T or F: Chromaffin cells have preganglionic innervation

A

T

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18
Q

Chromaffin cells acts as

A

postganglionics (they release epinephrine and norepinephrine)

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19
Q

What is the only tone of the Para SNS

A

Vagal tone of the heart

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20
Q

T or F: There is innervation of body walls and limbs in the para SNS

A

F

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21
Q

Para SNS pre to post gang neuron transmission is

A

nicotinic cholinergic

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22
Q

Where are the pregang neurons of the Vagus nerve (2)

A

1 - dorsal motor nucleus of X
2 - Nucleus ambigus

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23
Q

T or F: Vagus nuclei show viscerotopic organization

A

T

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24
Q

This is an intramural system in the GI tract

A

Enteric

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25
Q

The enteric nervous system (ENS) consist of these 2 interconnected plexuses

A

1 - Myenteric
2 - Submucosal

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26
Q

The central autonomic network includes: (7)

A

1 - insular cortex
2 - amygdala
3 - hypothalamus
4 - periaqueductal gray
5 - parabrachial complex
6 - solitary nucleus
7 - ventrolateral medulla

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27
Q

What does the central autonomic network do

A

regulates autonomic outflow

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28
Q

What happens if you block post ganglionic para SNS transmission

A

pupillary dialation
decreased pharyngeal and bronchial secretions, gut motility increased HR and BP

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29
Q

3 primary causes of autonomic neuropathy

A

1 - familiar dysautonmia (Riley Day syndrome)
2 - multiple system atrophy with autonomic failure (shy - drager)
3 - Parkinsons

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30
Q

Name a few secondary causes of autonomic neuropathy

A

amyloidosis
HIV
Lyme
Nutritional deficiencies
Trauma
Porphyria

31
Q

Porphyria

A

enzyme disorder that causes skin and nerve problems

32
Q

symptoms of autonomic neuropathy (7)

A

1 - Dizziness
2 - urinary problems
3 - sexual difficulties
4 - difficulty digesting food
5 - sweat abnormalities
6 - sluggish pupil reaction
7 - decreased saliva secretion

33
Q

autonomic dysreflexia

A

sudden onset of high blood pressure (vasoconstriction of lower 2/3)
SCI at T5 or above
stimulus below causes pain initiates response
over activity of SNS

34
Q

multiple system atrophy (shy drager)

A

degenerative disease that develops in adulthood usually in 50-60s and affects more men than women
autonomic functions impaired

35
Q

horner’s syndrome

A

damage to the dorsolateral pons or medulla leading to profound disturbance in SNS function

36
Q

horner syndrome symptoms

A

ipsilateral ptosis
anhidrosis
miosis
erythema

37
Q

anhidrosis

A

abnormal condition of no sweat

38
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin

39
Q

3 lesions that may cause horner syndrome

A

1 - output from the hypothalamus 1st order
2 - pregang neurons or axons projecting to superior cervical gang (2nd order)
3 - post gang neurons or axons (3rd order)

40
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

developmental defect of the central autonomic network of the brainstem involved with respiratory drive

41
Q

in SIDS, what may an abrupt increase in facial skin temp related to the onset of periods of apnea suggest?

A

there may be a broader defect in the central autonomic control

42
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the ANS

A

1 - sympathetic
2 - parasympathetic
3 - Enteric

43
Q

T or F: the SNS is continuously active

A

F - Parasympathetic is

44
Q

This functions as fight or flight

A

sympathetic

45
Q

this uses one neurons and used ach

A

somatic

46
Q

T or F: autonomic innervation is one neuron

A

F - it is a 2 neuron chain (pre and post gang)

47
Q

What neurotransmitter does the ANS use

A

preganglionic release ACh, postgang release ACh or norepinephrine

48
Q

The SNS postgang fiber uses this neurotransmitter while the parasymp uses this NT

A

norepinephrine
ACh

49
Q

The SNS has a _______ pregang axon, while the parasymp has a ________ pregang axon

A

short, long

50
Q

What are the 4 receptor types for ANS

A

nicotinic
muscarinic
alpha or beta adrenergic
adrenergic

51
Q

T or F: Epinephrine is a neurotransmitter

A

F - it is a hormone b/c it is released in the blood by the adrenal medulla

52
Q

This receptor is on all ANS gang and all NMJ. It also uses ligand channels that let Na in and K out leading to depolarization

A

nicotinic

53
Q

this receptor is in all parasymp but is only in sweat glands in sympathetic. it can inhibit or excite

A

muscarinic

54
Q

T or F: muscarinic receptors uses ligand channels

A

F: G-coupled
slower but is sustained longer

55
Q

alpha and beta adrenergic is associated with

A

SNS neuro-effector synapse

56
Q

how does para SNS affect HR? SNS?

A

it decreases it
it increases it

57
Q

the peripheral para SNS is found where in the body? what CN does it include?

A

craniosacral
CN 3,7,9,10
Sacral (S2-4)

58
Q

What ganglion are in the peripheral SNS

A

superior cervical
inferior cervical
middle cervical
celiac
inferior mesenteric
superior mesenteric

59
Q

visceral afferents travel with SNS and para SNS fibers and their cell bodies are located here

A

DRG

60
Q

In the SNS the synapse between the pre and post ganglion is in ________ or ______

A

paravertebral chain gang
prevertebral ganglion

61
Q

the preganglionic receptors in the SNS are

A

cholinergic (nicotinic)

62
Q

SNS does this to CO

A

increases

63
Q

SNS can stimulate Beta receptors on muscle which does this

A

vasodilation to increased blood flow

64
Q

T or F: the para SNS is more divergent than SNS

A

F: less

65
Q

Para SNS neuron to target cell transmission is

A

muscarinic cholinergic

66
Q

what does the vagus nerve innervate

A

viscera of thorax and abdomen

67
Q

what does the enteric nervous system do

A

regulate motility and secretion

68
Q

this is between longitudinal and circular muscle fibers and controls motility

A

myenteric

69
Q

this regulates GI secretion and ion and water transport across intestinal epithelium

A

submucosal

70
Q

What does the SNS do to the ENS? What does the para SNS do to it?

A

decreases activity
increases activity

71
Q

dysautonomia

A

disorder of autonomic nervous system

72
Q

what is the most common cause of fainting

A

vasovagal syncope

73
Q

The SNS is _______ waist up and _____- waist down

A

stimulatory
inhibitory

Neuroscience (25 decks)

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