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Neuroscience > Exam Three - Limbic System > Flashcards

Exam Three - Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the limbic system do?

A

controls emotions and feelings

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2
Q

what 4 main things make up the limbic system

A

1 - cingulate gyrus (emotions)
2 - amygdala (emotions and memory)
3 - hippocampus (learning and memory)
4 - anterior thalamus

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3
Q

cingulate gyrus function

A

plays role in emotion

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4
Q

hippocampus function

A

involved in learning and memory

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5
Q

amygdala function

A

involved in emotions and memory

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6
Q

cannon-bard theory

A

the proposition that emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously

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7
Q

when transection the forebrain only in cats what happened

A

sham rage

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8
Q

sham rage

A

a violent reaction to normally innocuous stimuli following removal of the cerebral cortices

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9
Q

when the posterior hypothalamus was separated from the brain stem what happened

A

there was no coordinated rage response

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10
Q

what did the sham rage studies show

A

the hypothalamus plays a large role in coordinating emotional behavior

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11
Q

what happens when the lateral hypothalamus is stimulated

A

anger

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12
Q

papez circuit

A

a limbic based circuit that was once though to constitute a largely undifferentiated “emotional” brain
- involved the hypothalamus with mamillary bodies, anterior thalamic nucleus, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus

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13
Q

papez circuit pathway

A

hippocampus -> fornix -> mammillary bodies -> mammillary thalamic tract -> anterior thalamic nuclei -> cingulate gyrus

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14
Q

triune brain theory

A

dividing brain regions into evolutionary age
1 - primitive reptilian
2 - limbic/mammalian
3 - neocortex

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15
Q

brain one (R complex)

A
  • contains brainstem, pons, cerebellum, mesencephalon, basal nuclei and olfactory bulbs
  • housekeeping brain
  • concerned with basics such as hunger, temp control, fight or flight, territory, safety
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16
Q

brain 2

A
  • limbic system forms brain we share with mammals
  • registers reward/punishment, seat of emotion, controls autonomic nervous system
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17
Q

brain 3

A
  • “thinking cap”
  • allows for complex social interactions and advanced planning
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18
Q

microstimulation of the amygdala produces feelings of

A

fear and rage

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19
Q

urbach-wiethe disease

A

a disease in which the amygdala and adjacent areas are destroyed, it leads to the impairment of emotional processing and memory for emotional material impaired learning of how to discern emotions in facial expression

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20
Q

the amygdala is close to the hippocampus in this lobe

A

temporal

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21
Q

3 neuron groups of the amygdala

A

1 - central
2 - medial
3 - basolateral

22
Q

this receives input from the sensory cortex of all modalities

A

basolateral nuclei

23
Q

this is the major output of the amygdala and is involved in autonomic components of emotions

A

central nuclei

24
Q

this plays a key role in innate emotional behaviors by relaying olfactory info to the hypothalamic nuclei involved in reproduction and defense

A

medial nuclei

25
Q

amygdala stimulation produces emotional behaviors through ___ pathways

A

subcortical

26
Q

stimulation of this structure can act as a reinforcer

A

hypothalamus

27
Q

these are midbrain dopaminergic neurons that form most of the mesolimbic and mesocortical projections involved in reward

A

ventral tegmental area

28
Q

what is the most effective site for stimulation? it activates the VTA indirectly

A

medial forebrain bundle

29
Q

cocain, amphetamines, and nicotine increase _____ release in the brain especially the nucleus accumbens

A

dopamine

30
Q

this is the smallest part of the cerebral hemispheres and is located in basal medial part of the temporal lobe

A

hippocampus

31
Q

what does the hippocampus do

A

learning and memory
converts short term memory to long term memory

32
Q

scoville did a bilateral medial temporal lobe resection on a patient. what happened to the patien

A

he had sever anterograde impairment

33
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

an inability to retrieve info from one’s past

34
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

an inability to form new memories

35
Q

episodic memory

A

personal experiences and facts

36
Q

semantic knowledge

A

general knowledge

37
Q

autonoetic consciousness

A

the human ability to mentally place ourselves in the past, in the future, or in couterfactual situations, and to thus be able to examine our own thought, our sense of self affects our behavior, in the present past and future

38
Q

autobiographical memory

A

the memory for events and facts related to one’s personal life story

39
Q

perceptual memory

A

long term memory for auditory, visual, and other perceptual info

40
Q

this type of memory is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision making and behavior

A

working memory

41
Q

declarative memory

A

it refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and events

42
Q

what happens in advanced alzheimers

A

destruction of neurons and neural connections in the cerebral cortex and significant loss of brain mass

43
Q

senile plaques

A

extracellular aggregates of amyloid peptide
people with alzheimer’s disease have an excessive number of such plaques

44
Q

neurofibrillary tangles

A

bundles of abnormal filaments within neurons

45
Q

where does someone with AD have neuronal loss

A

hippocampus, frontal, parietal and anterior temporal cortices, amygdala

46
Q

neurotransmitter and neuropeptide deficits in AD

A

Neuropeptide Y
somatostatin
ACh
substance p
corticotropin releasing factor

47
Q

t or f: people with down syndrome that live beyond 35 have an increased risk for developing AD

A

t

48
Q

a progressive neuronal degeneration in the neocortex of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes

A

frontotemporal dementia

49
Q

3 neurodegenerative disorders that can affect memory

A

1 - frontotemporal dementia
2 - huntingtons
3 - parkinsons

50
Q

chronic alcoholism and nutritional and B! deficiency can lead to

A

anterograde amnesia

51
Q

anterograde amnesia is characterized by damage to ________-

A
  • mammillary bodies
  • medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus

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