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Neuroscience > Exam Three - Cerebellum > Flashcards

Exam Three - Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

this has cellular layers for processing afferent info

A

outer cortex

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2
Q

T or F: the medullary center has white matter

A

T

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3
Q

what are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum

A

anterior, posterior, flocculonodular

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4
Q

lobes consist of smaller divisions called

A

lobules

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5
Q

how many lobules are there

A

10

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6
Q

what vessels supply the cerebellum

A

PICA
AICA
SCA

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7
Q

this supplies the inferior and posterior vermal and cortex anterior to those supplied by the PICA

A

AICA

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8
Q

each lobule is divided into

A

folia

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9
Q

what are the 3 layers of folia

A

outer molecular layer
purkinje
inner granular

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10
Q

what can be found in the molecular layer

A

pukinje dendrites
parallel fibers
stellate cells
basket cells
climbing fibers

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11
Q

what can be found in the granular layer

A

granule cells
mossy fibers
golgi cells

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12
Q

where are the parallel fibers coming from

A

granule cells

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13
Q

where are climbing fibers from

A

inferior olivary nucleus (afferent)

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14
Q

wheat do the climbing fibers do

A

carry sensory integration information

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15
Q

T or F: mossy fibers are efferent

A

F afferent

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16
Q

what do the mossy fibers do?

A

carry proprioception and sensory info from upper and lower extremeties

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17
Q

Which cells are GABAergic

A

golgi cell
purkinje
stellate
basket

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18
Q

what are the glutamatergic cells

A

mossy
granule
climbing fiber

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19
Q

the mossy fiber excites_________

A

granule cells

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20
Q

the granule cells excites these 4 cells via the parallel fiber

A

basket
stellate
purkinje
golgi

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21
Q

what does the golgi cell inhibit

A

granule cells (feedback inhibition)

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22
Q

what do the stellate and basket cells inhibit

A

purkinje

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23
Q

what does the climbing fiber excite

A

purkinje

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24
Q

what does the purkinje fiber inhibit

A

output to the DCN

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25
Q

what composes the glomerulus

A

mossy and granule cells

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26
Q

by decreasing the discharge of purkinje cells via inhibitory cortical drive ______ DCN output through __________

A

increases disinhibition

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27
Q

the inferior olivary nucleus provide

A

motor sensory integrated input from cerebral cortex and spinal cord

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28
Q

this provides specific proprioceptive sensory info during movement

A

mossy fibers

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29
Q

feedback inhibition

A

inhibit input signal going to the cerebellum (ex. if you use too much force to pick up a bottle, it regulates the force to fix it)

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30
Q

feedforward inhibition

A

inhibits the output signal from the cerebellum (ex. estimate how much force it will take to pick up a bottle before you even move)

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31
Q

what nucleus is in the medial zone

A

fastigial

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32
Q

what nuclei are in the intermediate zone

A

1 - globos
2 - emboliform nucleus

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33
Q

what does a module consist of

A

1 - an area of cortex
2 - white matter core that contains afferent and efferent fibers
3 - nucleus

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34
Q

what are the 3 major modules

A

1 - vestibulocerebellum
2 - spinocerebellum
3 - pontocerebellum

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35
Q

what area of cortex is associated with the vestibulocerebellum module

A

flocculonodular lobe
adjacent portions of vermal lobule 9

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36
Q

what afferent fibers are in the vestibulocerebellum module

A

ipsilateral vestibular ganglion - primary fibers vestibular nuclei - secondary vestiubulocerebellar fibers

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37
Q

what efferents are found in the vestibulocerebellar module

A
  • cerebellar corticovestibular fibers
  • cerebellar corticonuclear fibers (nodular to fastigial n.)
  • inhibitory pathway
38
Q

what does the vestibulocerebellar module do

A

enhanced balance by coordinating postural adjustment
eye movement via VOR

39
Q

dysfunctino of vestibulocerebellar module

A

imbalance
disequilibrium
nystagmus
truncal ataxia
significant swaying during standing, staggering during gait
fall

40
Q

what cortex is associated with the spinocerebellar

A
  • vermal (axial)
  • paravermal (limbs)
41
Q

what afferents are in the spinocerebellar tract

A
  • dorsal/ventral spinocerebellar tract
  • cuneocerebellar tract (UE)
  • olivocerebellar tract (m/s integration)
42
Q

What efferents are in the spinocerebellar tract

A
  • cerebellar cortex to fastigial for vermal
  • cerebellar to emboliform and globose nuclei for paravermal tract
43
Q

what is the spinocerebellar tract responsible for

A

coordination of synergistic movement patterns needed for specific tasks
detects and aids in adjustment of movement relative to desired vs actual

44
Q

what dysfunctions are associated with the spinocerebellum module

A

1 - dyssynergia
2 - dysmetria
3 - loss of movement check (rebound)
4 - ataxia of gait and stance

45
Q

what is the cortex area for pontocerebellum

A

lateral cerebellum

46
Q

what are the afferents for pontocerebellum

A
  • pontocerebellar fibers via middle cerebral peduncle (MCP)
47
Q

what efferents are for the pontocerebellum

A

cerebellar hemisphere -> dentate -> red nucleus, thalamus, pontine nuclei, reticular formation, inferior olivary nuclei

48
Q

what is the purpose of pontocerebellar tract

A

planning, coordination, and temporal sequencing of movement of distal extremities (hand)

49
Q

what are signs of dysfunction for the pontocerebellar tract

A
  • disrupts motor planning and prolongs reaction time
  • decomp of movement
  • dysdiadochokinesia
  • hypotonia
  • dysarthia
50
Q

dysmetria

A

inability to control the distance, power, and speed of a muscular action

51
Q

dyssynergia

A

breakdown in movement resulting in joints being moved separately to reach a desired target as opposed to moving in a smooth trajectory, decomp of movement

52
Q

dysarthria

A

slurred speech

53
Q

ataxia

A

loss of muscle coordination in producing smooth movements

54
Q

a lesion on cerebellar hemispheres or disruption of the feedback circuit between the cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex would cause?

A

ataxia

55
Q

a lesion on the flocculonodular lobe or vermal region of the posterior or anterior lobes would cause?

A

gait ataxia

56
Q

hypotonia is…

A

diminution of muscle tone

57
Q

a lesion on the cerebellar cortex would cause…

A

hypotonia

58
Q

a lesion on the vermal region of cerebellar cortex or fastigial nucleus would cause

A

cerebellar nystagmus

59
Q

locomotor behaviors implicate the _____- as the site of ethanol’s action

A

cerebellum

60
Q

cerebellar neuropathy can be cause by

A

ethanol intoxication

61
Q

T or F: synaptic plasticity involves purkinje fibers

A

T

62
Q

what are the 3 functions of the cerebellum

A

1 - receive extensive sensory input
2 - influences motor function as a reference center
3 - plays a role in motor learning

63
Q

T or F: the cerebellum is involved in sensory discrimination and interpretation

A

F

64
Q

out of the 3 functions of the cerebellum, what are the 2 main ones

A

1 - coordination
2 - movement quality

65
Q

how does the cerebellum influence movement quality

A

it modulates timing, duration, and magnitude of muscle contractions and interactions

66
Q

where does the cerebellum directly receive sensory input from

A

directly from hair cells

67
Q

2 parts of the inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

1 - restiform body
2 - juxtarestiform body

68
Q

restiform body

A

fibers from spinal cord and medullar to cerebellum

69
Q

this has reciprocal connections between the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei

A

juxtarestiform body

70
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle

A

connects cerebellum to pons

71
Q

what fibers are found in the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

pontocerebellar fibers

72
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle

A

connected cerebellum to midbrain

73
Q

the superior cerebellar peduncle contains _______ fibers that originate from cerebellar nuclei and distribute to the _______ and ________-

A

efferent
diencephalon and brainstem

74
Q

3 basic structures of the cerebellum

A

1 - outer cortex
2 - medullary center
3 - deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN)

75
Q

the DCN has ______ nuclei that provide the primary output of the cerebellum (efferents)

A

4

76
Q

what is the vermis

A

midline of the cerebellum that connects the 2 hemispheres

77
Q

where can the primary fissure be found

A

between anterior and posterior lobe

78
Q

this separates the posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe

A

posterolateral fissue

79
Q

lobule 1-5 is

A

anterior

80
Q

lobule 6-9

A

posterior

81
Q

lobule 10

A

dlocculonodular

82
Q

this artery supplies the posterolateral medullar and inferior posterior surface of the cerebellum

A

PICA

83
Q

this artery supplies the superior surface, deep branches that supply most of the nuclei and superior and inferior peduncle

A

SCA

84
Q

what can be found in the purkinje layer

A

purkinje cells

85
Q

this provides info encoded for timing

A

climbing fibers

86
Q

this encodes info for duration and magnitude

A

mossy fiber

87
Q

what are the 3 zones of the cerebellum

A

1 - medial (vermal)
2 - intermediate (paravermal)
3 - lateral (hemisphere)

88
Q

what nucleus is in the lateral zone

A

dentate

89
Q

dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to perform rapid alternating movements

90
Q

rebound phenomena

A

inability to halt forceful movements after resistive stimulus removed, patient unable to stop sudden limb movement

Neuroscience (25 decks)

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