Exam 5-INFECTIVE stomatitis-BACTERIAL Flashcards
What are the two culprits for IMPETIGO?
Strep Pyogenes and Staph Aureus
What AGE range typically deals with impetigo? what are the two main locations?
YOUNG children…the face and extremeties
How is impetigo spread?
by skin contact
What are the two HALLMARK signs of an impetigo lesion?
- light brown “AMBER” colored crusts that look like 2. CORNFLAKES…mmmm
Much like HSV lesions, impetigo lesions will _______ until treated!
persist
What are the three antibiotics used to treat impetigo? Which one is topical?
Topical: MUP_IR_O_CIN….others CEPH-AL-EX_IN….and DIC_LOX_acillin :)
What are the two possible etiologies for tonsilitis and pharyngitis?
bacterial or viral
IF the source of tonsilitis or pharyngitis is BACTERIAL in origin, then it is most likely THIS culprit:
GROUP A, beta-hemolytic STREPTOCCI
What is the most common age range for tonsilitis/pharyngitis?
5-15 years old
What are the three most common antibiotics used to treat tonsilitis/pharyngitis?
penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporin
What are the three possible complications from strep throat?
1.Scarlet Fever 2.Rheumatic fever 3.GlomeruloNephritis
Scarlet fever is caused by what group of bacteria?
Group A (the scarlet letter), beta-hemolytic streptococci
What are the two oral manifestations of scarlet fever?
palatal petechiae and strawberry tongue
What condition is STRAWBERRY TONGUE associated with?
SCARLET FEVER
What is the complication from sore throat (tonsilitis/pharyngitis) that affects heart, joints, central nervous system, damages heart valves?
Rheumatic Fever!
What is the bacterium that causes syphillis?
TREP-O-NEMA PALL-id-UM
What are the two modes of transmission for syphillis?
direct contact with mucosal surfaces (1.sexual contact and 2. mother to fetus)
Where is the HIGHEST prevelence of syphilis out of industrialized countries?
THE USA BABY! 50-100x higher!
What is the HALLMARK sign of primary syphilis?
a CHANCER (PAINLESS ulcer at the site of inoculation)
Where are the 4 most common sites or manifestation of syphilis?
external genitalia, anus, lip, and tongue
When do chancres arise in primary syphilis?
3-90 days after exposure
How long does it take to progress from primary syphilis to secondary syphilis?
4-10 weeks after initial infection
What are two oral manifestations of SECONDARY syphilis?
Mucous patches and “snail track” ulcers
What is the name for the maculopapular cutanrous rash associated with secondary syphilis?
CONDYLO-MATA LATA
What are the unique regions of the body where we might see rashes in SECONDARY syphilis?
palms of hands, soles of feet
After secondary syphilis, it can either go to latent phase which can last from 1-__ years, or it can go to tertiary, which occurs in ___% of patients
1-30 years…30%
What is the HALLMARK lesion of tertiary syphilis?
a GUMMA (unique type of necrosis)
Intraorally with tertiary syphilis, what are the two most common locations for a GUMMA?
palate (perforation) or tongue
What is the manifestation of tertiary syphilis on the tongue? What color does it turn?
glossitis-atrophy and loss of dorsal tongue papillae…WHITE
In congenital syphilis, you are likely to see these manifestations of a persons overall appearance: Frontal _______, underdeveloped ________, high ______ palate, AND THIS HALLMARK: _________ deformity
bossing, maxilla, arched, saddle nose deformity
What are the three components of Hutchenson’s triad?
1.Intersitital Keratitis of the cornea 2. CN VIII deafness 3.Dental Abnormalities
What are the two dental abnormalities associated with CONGENITAL syphilis?
Hutchinson’s incisors (screwdriver shaped) and Mulberry Molars (bumps on occlusal surface)
How should the diagnosis of syphilis be made?
BLOOD TESTS!
Which blood test for syphilis is SENSITIVE, but not specific?
VDRL and RPR
Which blood test for syphilis is SPECIFIC?
TPHA and FTA-ABS
What is the antibiotic of choice for treating syphilis?
good ole penicillin
What is the causative agent for TUBERCULOSIS?!
Myco-Bacterium Tuberculosis
What is the main factor in TB progressing from infection to disease?
immunodeficiency
How is TB spread?
respiratory droplets
What is the name of lymph node involvement in TB?
Scrofula
Which bacterial infection is associated with skin “lupus vulgaris” (dark red patches)?
TB
Since TB is spread through respiratory droplets, what are the two most common oral manifestations of TB?
1.chronic painless ulceration on tongue or palate 2.atypical periodontal disease
Which bacterial infection can produce an oral manifestation that can be confused with squamous cell carcinoma?
TB (chronic painless ulceration with rolled borders on tongue or palate)
A TB biopsy shows _________ with central areas of necrosis
granulomas
A TB is seen using an AFB- Acid fast bacillus stain shows typical WHAT COLOR bacilli?
RED
What are the two meds for treating TB (they are a BEAR)?
ISON-IA_ZID and RI-FAM-PIN
No actinomycosis is NOT a fungal infection, its a bacterial infection caused by WHICH bacterium? is this bacterium aerobic or anaerobic?
ActinoMyces Israelii…ANaerobic
Since actinomyces israelii is a member of the normal oral flora, what are two common ways it can cause an infection?
surgery or trauma
What % of cases of actinomyces occur in cervicofacial areas? (perio pocket, non-vital tooth, ext socket, etc)
55%
SINCE actinomyces israelii is an anaerobe, what might we expect to see in an infection in the oral cavity?
Abscess and draining sinus tracts
What is the HALLMARK of a histo slide of an actinomyces infection?
yellow “sulfur granule” colonies
Besides TB, what is the other infection that needs LONG term Abx? (like 6wks to a YEAR)
Actinomycosis
AWE-SOME, removal of infected tissue in Actinomycosis can sometimes clear the infection because of what feature?
Actinomyces Israelii is ANaerobic and dies when exposed to the air
What are the 6 types of BACTERIAL infectious stomatitis (and what is their primary culprit)?
1.Impetigo (strep pyogenes, staph aureus) 2.Tonsilitis/Pharyngitis (group A, beta-hemolytic strep) 3. Syphilis 4.TB (mycobacterim tuberculosis) 5.Actinomycosis (actinomycoses israelii) 6.Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (Bacillus Fusiformis and Borrelia Vincetii)
What are the TWO main culprits of NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS?
- Bacillus Fusi-Formis 2.Borrel_IA VIN-CET-ii
Which bacterial stomatitis frequently occurs in situations of stress, immunodeficiency or malnourishment and happens in young and middle-age people?
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Which part of the oral cavity show the most signs of inflammation and hemorrhage?
interdental papillae
In NUG- Papillae are blunted with areas of “punched-out” necrosis that are covered with a WHAT COLOR pseudomembrane?
gray
What is the first line tx after debridement in a patient with NUG? When might we need to Rx systemic Abx?
Chlorhexidine…Abx if SYSTEMIC fever or lymphadenopathy present
