Exam 4-Blood Disorders Flashcards
What is the term for a decrease hemoglobin in blood resulting in inability to oxygenate tissue?
anemia
What is the most common form of anemia?
iron deficiency
Which type of iron deficiency anemia has an increased risk for ORAL and esophageal CARCINOMA in Scandinavians?
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
Pernicious Anemia is the loss of ________ and therefore ______ cannot be absorbed.
intrinsic factor…vit B12 (cobalamine)
What is a good example of either Hemoglobinopathy or hemolytic anemia?
Sickle Cell Anemia
What are the two main ORAL findings in Sickle Cell Anemia?
1.Atrophic glossitis 2. Angular Chelitis
What type of anemia usually displays these characteristics?? Glossodynia (pain), glossopyrosis (burning) atrophic “glossitis”, angular cheilitis, aphthous ulcers, candidiasis, loss of bone density
Sickle Cell Anemia
What is an uncontrolled overproduction of RBCs? (AND often platelets and WBCs!)
Polycythemia Vera
What happens to the blood in polycythemia vera? What are the ORAL findings?
Blood becomes viscous…Oral finding of Erythematous mucosa (lots of RBCs spreading out through the tissue)
What really general symptom will patients typically present with when having any type of anemia?
sore mouth
What is the term for a decrease in WBCs?
Leukopenia
What are the two types of Leukopenias?
1.Agranulocytotis 2.Lymphopenia
What are the two terms for a decrease in neutrophils?
1.AgranuloCytosis (neutropenia)-whats with all the names?!? i like the latter more
What do these manifestations usually point to??? may be primary or secondary to another condition (ie. drugs) prone to bacterial infection, ragged non-healing oral ulceration
Agranulocytosis (neutropenia) ((a type of leukopenia)
What is the term for a decrease in lymphocytes and what 2 types of infections are the patient most prone to?
Lymphopenia…prone to viral or fungal infections
What is the term for an INCREASE in WBCs?
Leukocytosis
What are the two ways a leukocytosis can occur?
1.physiologic (like an infection) 2.Leukemia
What are the three types of leukemia?
1.Lymphocytic (making lymphomas) 2.myelogenous (making NEUTROPHILS again, why so many GODDAM names??) 3.Monocytic (making too many monocytes, still technically a myelogenous problem)
What are the 2 primary ORAL manifestations for leukemia?
1.Diffuse gingival hyperplasia (the WBCs are just gathering in the area) 2. Radiolucency (more room needed for bone marrow, less bone in area)
What are 2 secondary ORAL characteristics for leukemia?
- Prone to infections (neutropenia or lymphopenia) 2.Bleeding (thrombocytopenia)
What is the term for poverty of platelets?
ThrombocytoPenia
What is considered Primay thrombocytopenia?
immune mediated
What are two typical causes of Secondary thrombocytopenia?
1.drugs 2.leukemia
Which condition are you likely to see bleeding; petechiae, ecchymosis, purport VERY COMMON to manifest around NECKS of the teeth??
Thrombocytopenia
These are common findings of thrombocytopenia: _______ measure between 4 and 10 mm (millimeters) in diameter.
Purpura
These are common findings of thrombocytopenia:When purpura spots are LESS than 4 mm in diameter, they are called _______.
petechiae
These are common findings of thrombocytopenia: Purpura spots LARGER than 1 cm (centimeter) are called _________.
ecchymoses
These are common findings of thrombocytopenia: Rank purpura, petechiae, and ecchymoses from larges to smallest…
Largest: ecchymoses…Med: purpura…Small: petechiae
What is a very unofficial, but helpful distinguishing factor between the manifestations of thrombocytopenia and hemophilia?
thromb: more superficial bleeding…hemophilia: deeper bleeding
I WONDER WHAT THIS COULD BE???? X-linked deficiency of clotting factor VIII deep bleeding, joints, internal organs
Hemophilia A
Bells palsy is no longer idiopathic, most of the time it is caused by a ______ infection and thus it has the nickname of ________
viral…POSTVIRAL NEUROPATHY
Bells Palsy has an abrupt onset, (unilateral OR bilateral??) presentation, and typically occurs in _______ age
unilateral….middle
Can Bells Palsy be recovered from?
Yes, most have COMPLETE recovery!
What is cheilitis granulomatosis, fissured tongue, facial paralysis (not Bells palsy)???
MEL-KER-SSON-ROSEN-THAL SYNDROME
MEL-KER-SSON-ROSEN-THAL SYNDROME is characterized by _______ granulomatosis, _______ tongue, and _______ paralysis (not Bells palsy).
cheilitis…fissured… facial
What is another name for Trigeminal Neuralgia?
Tic Doulour-eaux pain of the V CN
What is the typical age for the presentation of Tic Douloureaux? At what age is a concern for something else?? WHAT IS THAT SOMETHING ELSE?
middle age (45-55)…those under 30 suspect MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS!!
What is characterized by extremely acute, EXCRUCIATING pain, abrupt onset, follows “TRIGGER” zone manipulation lasts seconds to a minute, and is often unilateral?
Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
If a Trigeminal Neuralgia is not caused by a postural infection, it could be because of what?
anatomic abnormalities in the area of the ganglion
75% of people with Trigeminal Neuralgia get relief from what type of drug? What is a brandname?
anticonvulsants (Tegretol)
What are the treatment options for Trigeminal Neuralgia if an anticonvulsant drug is not working?
NeuroSurgery (gamma knife, etc)
