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ORAL PATHOLOGY! > Exam 3-Oral Cancer Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Exam 3-Oral Cancer Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma accounts for __% of cancers in the oral cavity

A

90% (could be as high as 95%)

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2
Q

What are three types of cancers that make up the other 10% of oral cancer (since SCC makes up 90%)

A

1.Sarcomas 2.Leukimias/Lymphomas 3.Other carcinomas/adenocarcinomas

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3
Q

In the US about how many NEW cases of OC are diagnosed every year?

A

30,000

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4
Q

In the US, about how many people will die this year from OC?

A

9,000

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5
Q

If you practice dentistry for 25 years, how many cases of OC are you likely to see?

A

2-3

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6
Q

What is the average survival rate from OC after 5 years?

A

50%

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7
Q

The American Cancer Society groups OC with what type of cancer? What is the survival rate of that cancer alone?

A

Pharyngeal Cancer…90%

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8
Q

Oral Cancer has the ____ LOWEST SURVIVAL RATE OF ANY CANCER

A

6th

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9
Q

OC is the _____ most common cancer in BLACK MALES

A

4th

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10
Q

OC is the ____ most common cancer in WHITE MALES

A

6th

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11
Q

OC has a higher death rate than these THREE BIG PUBLICIZED CANCERS:

A

Melanoma, Cervical Cancer, and Breast Cancer

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12
Q

The number of cases and the number of DEATHS attributable to the disease are relatively ________ over the last 5-6 decades

A

constant

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13
Q

What is the peak age range for incidence of OC?

A

50-70 years old

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14
Q

OC is Increasing incidence OVER age ___

A

70

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15
Q

OC increasing incidence UNDER age ___

A

40

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16
Q

Males out number females in a __:___ ratio

A

2:1

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17
Q

The overall INCIDENCE rate of the disease is actually _______ slightly

A

falling

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18
Q

In ___% of cases of oral cancer, the patient was/is a smoker

A

75% BOOM.

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19
Q

Ummm no shit Sherlock: Longer duration of smoking = _______ incidence of cancer…._________ usage of tobacco = increased incidence of cancer

A

INCREASED…..INCREASED

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20
Q

Interesting….Risk for ______ and ________ essentially = risk for cigarettes (for intraoral squamous
cell carcinoma)

A

cigars, pipe smoking

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21
Q

Smokeless Tobacco- A much ______ incidence of development of carcinoma when compared with smoked tobacco

A

LOWER

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22
Q

Smokeless Tobacco- usually asociated with prolonged use like ___ cans/week and for about ____ to ____ years of usage.

A

2-3 cans/wk…for 20-30 years of usage

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23
Q

Smokeless Tobacco- What is the major determinant in carcinogenicity? Which form is less carcinogenic?

A

Moist vs dry snuff….moist has a very low incidence of malignant transformation

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24
Q

Which type of abuse has a statistically GREATER risk for OC than Tobacco?

A

ALCOHOL ABUSE

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25
The risk for EtOH abuse to develop into OC is greater than a smoker who smokes ___ packs per day!
2
26
What is the most prominent effect of EtOH on the oral tissue that makes it a carcinogen?
its a DRYING AGENT (alters epithelial metabolism)
27
What two side kicks (other consequences of abuse) does EtOH abuse have that cause cancer?
1.Nutritional deficiency 2. Detox limited c/o liver disease
28
What constitutes EtOH abuse?
6 EtOH equivalents/day
29
What has more of a risk for developing OC: Heavy Smoking and Minimum EtOH or Minimum Smoking and Heavy EtOH?
Minimum Smoking and heavy EtOH has a MUCH greater risk of OC development
30
What are the 4 factors that degrade the immune system and therefor open the door for cancer?
1.Aging 2.Chronic Nutritional Deficiency 3.Disease States 4.Theraputic intervention
31
What are the 4 types of Chronic Nutritional Deficiency that can contribute to cancer?
1.Iron deficiency anemia 2.Vit A Def. 3.Vit C Def 4.Vit E deficiency
32
What is another name for an Iron deficiency anemia?
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
33
MUY INTERESTING....Iron deficiency anemia (plummer-vinson syn) can lead to cancer for which two reasons?
1.Increase susceptibility to carcinogens 2.Increased permeability of epithelium
34
What does having a Vitamin A deficiency do with getting oral cancer? you lose "protective role against ________" whatever the f that means...
precancer
35
What does having a Vitamin CCC deficiency do with getting oral cancer? Decreased _________/________ of compounds leads to persistence of noxious stimuli
oxidation/reduction
36
What does having a Vitamin E deficiency do with getting oral cancer? Decreased _______ leads to persistence of _______ substances
anti-oxidant... ionized
37
What are three main chronic disease states/infections that could lead to Oral Cancer?
1.Candida 2.HPV 3.HHV
38
Why in the hell would a candida infection lead to OC? Epithelial __________ with disruption of maturation...Persistent/continuous ________ cell presence
hyperplasia...inflammatory
39
HPV and OC: Produces ________ of cell cycle regulation that compromise immune system surveillance
inhibitors
40
There is a significant increase in __________ carcinoma today due to HPV
oropharyngeal
41
Thirty years ago, 15% of the throat cancer was due to HPV, today it is ___%
80%
42
What are the two main areas of the oral cavity that are affected by HPV caused Oral Cancer?
oropharynx and base of tongue
43
What are the two main forms of HHV (please give # and nickname) that are closely associated with oral canceR?
1.HHV4 (Ebstein Barr) 2.HHV8 (kaposi's sarcoma-assoc herp)
44
Much like HPV, HHV Produces ________ of cell cycle regulation that compromise immune system surveillance
inhibitors
45
Any chronic disease state that results in persistent/continuous stimulation of the immune system can result in a gradual accumulation of ________ in the affected cells...What are three typical, everyday dental conditions that could theoretically lead to OC?
genetic defects...1.Diabetes 2.Periodontal Disease 3.Lichen Planus
46
Whats an example of a disease that lowers immune response and therefore can progress to oc?
AIDS
47
What are three examples of therapeutic interventions that can lead to oral cancer?
1.Chemo 2.radiaiton 3.Organ transplant meds
48
What are two examples of syndromes (genetic defects) that are risk factors for SOME cancers?? Has there been a specific syndrome that has a risk for ORAL cancer?
1.Basal Cell Nervus Syndrome 2.Gardner's Syndrome....NOT a specific syndrome assoc with OC
49
Family history of oral cancer _______ risk of acquiring oral cancer.
increases
50
DID YOU KNOW: Only ___% of US adults can correctly identify an early warning sign of oral cancer
25%
51
DID YOU KNOW: Only ___% of US adults know the risk of alcohol abuse
13%
52
HOLY S! Only ___% of US adults have had an oral cancer exam
14%
53
Some disturbing news, In ___% of new cases, the patients have absolutely no evident risk factors
25%
54
WHAT DOES SCC LOOK LIKE?? The white or red plaques called ________ and ________
leukoplakia or erythroplakia
55
WHAT DOES SCC LOOK LIKE?? Erythroplakia-Often with a smooth _______ appearing surface
velvety
56
WHAT DOES SCC LOOK LIKE?? Erythroplakia-May have slightly ______ margin
raised
57
WHAT DOES SCC LOOK LIKE?? Erythroplakia-May have _____ areas speckled over the surface
white
58
WHAT DOES SCC LOOK LIKE?? Ulcer-often with a raised, ______ border
rolled
59
WHAT DOES SCC LOOK LIKE?? Ulcer-ften with a very deep, central ______
crater
60
WHAT DOES SCC LOOK LIKE?? An _________ mass...Often with an irregular ________
Exophytic....surface texture

ORAL PATHOLOGY! (40 decks)

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