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ORAL PATHOLOGY! > Exam 4-AIDS > Flashcards

Exam 4-AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

AIDS is NOT associated with a ________ induced immune deficiency…

A

medically induced (like an organ transplant)

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2
Q

What are the 5 groups that are most susceptible to AIDS ?

A

1.MSM (men sex w. men) 2.IVDA 3.Hemophilia-pre1985 4.Blood transfusion recipients 5.People in contact with already infected individuals

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3
Q

What is the acronym given to the type of medical treatment for AIDS patients? Thanks to this, only ___% of AIDS patients will progress to oral manifestations..

A

HART-Highly Active Retroviral Therapy…40%

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4
Q

Which two aspects of the immune system are affected in AIDS?

A

1.Defense AND 2.Surveillance

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5
Q

Why is AIDS a SYNDROME?

A

it has MULTIPLE clinical features

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6
Q

AIDS can resemble other immune problems, but overall can be described as more ______ manifestations

A

“FLORID”-complex, exacerbated

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7
Q

What are the three most common herpes virus infections possible in AIDS?

A

1.Herpes Simplex 2.Vericella-Zoster 3.Epstein-Barr

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8
Q

What are the 2 most common forms of oral HPV manifestations in AIDS patients?

A

1.Papillomas 2.Condyloma Acuminata

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9
Q

Herpes simplex in AIDS: that PRE-LESIONAL feeling called ______ does NOT typically occur in AIDS patients

A

AURA

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10
Q

Herpes simplex: What are the 3 most common locations?

A

1.Skin of the lips 2.hard palate 3.Gingiva (KERATINIZED tissue!!)

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11
Q

Herpes simplex: what drug can you treat with in extreme circumstances?

A

acyclovir

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12
Q

What are two distinguishing characteristics of Vericella Zoster infections in AIDS patients that separate it from a typical infection? What is the name of the drug that can help these patients?

A
  1. EXTREME PAIN (like hospitalization) 2. UNILATERAL….Silvadene (burn cream)
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13
Q

ON EXAM What is the etiologic factor in Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in AIDS patients??

A

Epstein Barr Virus (HHV-4)

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14
Q

What are two distinguishing characteristics between HPV associated Papillomas and Condyloma Acuminata?

A

1.Pap=normal color/pink CA=WHITE 2. Pap=pedunculated CA=Sessile/Broad based

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15
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia can be a ________ for progression to full blown AIDS…

A

Predictor

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16
Q

What is a possible CO-FACTOR to Epstein Barr (HHV4) that is causing oral hairy leukoplakia?

A

HPV

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17
Q

Where is the most common location for oral hairy leukoplakia? What is a secondary distinguishing feature regarding location?

A

LATERAL border of the tongue, BILATERAL

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18
Q

Are oral hairy leukoplakia’s symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

asymptomatic

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19
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia lesions may show ______ and _____ pattern

A

waxing and waning

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20
Q

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: NON-_______ plaques in a ______/_____ pattern…“________” surface most often; occasionally smooth

A

wipeable….vertical/linear….”Shaggy”

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21
Q

What color is Oral Hairy leukoplakia?

A

white

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22
Q

What is the ideal treatment for oral hairy leukoplakia?

A

the lesion regressing with control of the AIDS in general

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23
Q

What are the names for the 4 possible outcomes of BACTERIAL infections in an AIDS patient?

A

1.Linear Gingival Erythema (HIV assoc gingivitis) 2.Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis 3.Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis 4.Necrotizing Ulcerative Stomatitis

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24
Q

RANDOM: not sure if hell ask but why not…What are the three bacteria that can cause gingivitis/periodontits in AIDS patients (rarely seen)?

A
  1. Myco-Bacterium Avium 2.Klebsiella Pneumo 3.Enter-o-bacter Clo-ac-ae
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25
Q

HIV associated periodontal disease is DUE TO ________!!!!

A

IMMUNE DEFICIENCY!!!!

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26
Q

So I already asked for the less common, random bugs that can cause gingivitis/perio in AIDS, BUT what are the 3 MOST common bug species???

A

1.Ei-Ken-ella 2.WO-lin-ella 3.Bacter-oi-des

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27
Q

HIV associated periodontal disease: _________ males predominantly

A

Homosexual

28
Q

HIV associated periodontal disease: Resembles rapidly progressive ____

A

ANUG

29
Q

HIV associated periodontal disease: Does not respond to conventional _________

A

periodontal therapy

30
Q

HIV associated periodontal disease: Occurs even with good ______ control

A

plaque

31
Q

HIV associated periodontal disease: with the typical SRPs, WHAT seems to do GREAT???

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate (Peridex) rinses

32
Q

What was previously called HIV associated gingivitis?

A

Linear Gingival Erythema

33
Q

Linear Gingival Erythema: Spontaneous bleeding, sometimes ______

A

NOCTURNAL (blood on pillow)

34
Q

Linear Gingival Erythema: ______ tissue necrosis

A

Soft

35
Q

Linear Gingival Erythema: What is a CLASSIC distinguishing feature between this and typical gingivitis in non-AIDS patients?

A

LGE is PAINFUL!! (if patient has painful gingivitis, consider this as Dx)

36
Q

HIV associated periodontitis: What is the transitional stage between Linear Gingival Erythema and more severe forms of involvement?

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

37
Q

HIV associated periodontitis: Which form usually affects only FOCAL areas in contrast to the more diffuse involvement of more severe forms?

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

38
Q

HIV associated periodontitis: Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis: May be limited to ________ areas

A

interdental papilla

39
Q

HIV associated periodontitis: Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis- Some early _____ destruction is often present as well

A

bone

40
Q

HIV associated periodontitis: Which type presents as severe loss of periodontal attachment?

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis

41
Q

HIV associated periodontitis: Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis will actually have minimal ______ formation..

A

pocket (the gingiva recedes WITH the bone)

42
Q

HIV associated periodontitis: Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis shows interproximal _______

A

cratering

43
Q

Which HIV associated periodontitis state displays SEQUESTRATION of bone where the patient will have random pieces of bone pop out of the sulcus??

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontits

44
Q

Which HIV associated periodontitis state is associated with severe pain that is “deep” or “bone” pain?

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontits

45
Q

HIV associated periodontitis: Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis with SPREAD to involve soft tissue and bone outside the alveolar ridge areas is called WHAT???

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Stomatitis

46
Q

What is the MOST severe form of HIV associated periodontitis?

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Stomatitis

47
Q

What are the three main types of Fungal infections in AIDS patients?

A
  1. Candidiasis 2. Histoplasmosis 3.Cryptococcus
48
Q

What is the most common clinical presentation of candidiasis in AIDS patients?

A

PseudoMembraneous

49
Q

A fungal infection can usually be seen in as many as ___ or ___% of AIDS/pre-AIDS patients…

A

75-90%

50
Q

Pseudomembranous Candidiasis is typically creamy white or yellow plaques that resemble ______…MMMMMM!!!YUMM!

A

milk curd

51
Q

Pseudomembranous Candidiasis-Usually have an ________ background

A

erythematous

52
Q

Pseudomembranous Candidiasis: is it always wipeable?

A

YES! but sometimes you must try pretty hard

53
Q

What are the 4 most affected areas in Pseudomembranous Candidiasis?

A

1.Palate 2.Buccal Mucosa 3.Labial Mucosa 4.Dorsum of Tongue

54
Q

What is the fungal infection that affects people mostly in the Ohio and Mississippi river valley regions?

A

HistoPlasmosis

55
Q

What are the two aggressive treatments for Fungal infections in AIDS?

A

1.Amphoteracin B 2.Azole derived meds

56
Q

What is by far the most common neoplasm associated with AIDS?

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

57
Q

What is the etiology of Kaposi’s Sarcoma?

A

HHV VIII

58
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma: Diffuse, uncontrolled _________ in an immune deficient host

A

angiogenesis

59
Q

KS is the initial manifestation of AIDS in ___% of patients

A

30%

60
Q

What are the two most common features of patients with Kaposi’s Sarcoma?

A

White and Homosexual

61
Q

_____% of all with KS will have ORAL lesions

A

54%

62
Q

What are the two typical colors of Kaposi’s Sarcoma?

A

Purple and Red

63
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma lesions typically appear as ______ to slightly raised to nodular, and may show _______ in nodular phase

A

Macular… ulceration

64
Q

What are the two sites of preference for oral lesions of Kaposi’s Sarcoma?

A

keratinized mucosa-hard palate and gingiva

65
Q

What are the two possible treatments of a Kaposi’s Sarcoma lesion?

A

surgical excision or laser removal

ORAL PATHOLOGY! (40 decks)

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