Exam 3-Oral Cancer Lecture 2 Flashcards
Advanced clinical signs of SCC: Firm to hard (______)
indurated
Advanced clinical signs of SCC: Non-______ (bound down to adjacent tissues)
movable
Advanced clinical signs of SCC: Irregular, exophytic growth with poorly defined _______
margins
Advanced clinical signs of SCC: Non-healing ulceration, ______ borders are particularly ominous
Rolled
What are the two areas of the oral cavity that are rarely affected by SCC?
1.Dorsum of tongue 2.Anterior portion of the Hard Palate
Again, what are the three high risk sites for SCC (very similar to Dr. W’s high risk sites for leukoplakia)
1.Lower Lip 2.Post/Lateral Border of the tongue 3.Floor of Mouth
SCC occurs more in _____ than ______, but cases of the later sex are increasing.
males than females
Cases of SCC in females are increasing, what are the two sites in the mouth that are increasing? (minimal assoc with HPV)
tonsillar pillars/soft palate margins
SCC in the _______ region is increasing in frequency because of a strong relation to HPV…the typical risk factors of tobacco and EtOH are not applicable here, its more c/o ______ and ______
oropharynx…sex at early age, multiple oral sex partners
SURVIVAL directly correlates with ______ of the primary tumor and whether it has ______ beyond the primary site
SIZE…SPREAD
People under this age are seeing an ALARMING increase in incidence of SCC…the rate has increased 3x since the 1980’s and the most common site in the mouth is _______
young adults under 40 years (maybe 45)….lateral border of the tongue
Staging systems: what does TNM stand for?
Tumor Size, Nodal Metastasis, Metastatic Spread
T1 = Tumor less than __ cm. maximum size
2
T2 = Tumor more than __ cm. but less than ___ cm.
2-4
T3 = Tumor more than __ cm. in size
4
T4 = Massive tumor more than __ cm in size and with involvement of antrum, skin, pterygoid muscles, and/or base of tongue
4
N0 = ________
No lymph node involvement
N1 = ____ lymph node(s) on the same side as the tumor, less than ___ cm. in size
1…3
N2 = _____ lymph node on _____ side as the tumor, __-__ cm. in size or ______ lymph nodes on the SAME side as the tumor, all less than ___ cm.
1…same…3-6 cm…multiple…6cm
N3 = ________ or bilateral lymph node involvement or lymph node involvement on the same side greater than ___ cm. in size
contralateral…6cm
(M for Million dollar workup) M0 =
No evidence of distant metastatic spread
M1 = ________
Distant metastatic spread is present
T1, N0, M0 = Stage ___…. 5 year Survival rate =
1…77-85%
T2, N0, M0 = Stage ___…5 year Survival rate =
2…66-76%
Any T3 OR N1 involvement = Stage ___….5 year Survival rate =
3….41-44%
ANY T4, N2/N3, or ANY M1 = Stage ___….5 year Survival rate =
4…9-20%
