Exam 1-Dev Disturb 1 Flashcards
Breakdown: Hereditary VS Genetic: What % of developmental abnormalities are of unknown etiology?
85%
Breakdown: Hereditary VS Genetic: What % of developmental abnormalities are inherited (ANY abnormality that is inherited is _________)
10%…any abnormality that is inherited is DEVELOPMENTAL
Breakdown: Hereditary VS Genetic: What % of developmental abnormalities have a known ENVIRONMENTAL cause (EtOH, thalidomide)?
5%
What is the definition of a developmental abnormality present at birth? Does this imply etiology?
Congenital
What are the 3 trademarks of a developmental abnormality?
1.Present at YOUNG AGE (or congenitally) 2.Bilaterally symmetrical 3. Asymptomatic
What is a generalized condition characterized by multiple abnormalities?
A Syndrome
What is the term for no jaw development? What is the general term for no development of a body part?
Agnatha (general term: its an aplasia)
What is the term for a small underdeveloped jaw? (what is the general term for an underdeveloped body part?)
micrognathia (hypoplasia)
What is the term for a large jaw?
Macrognathia
What are the two methods that a developmental condition can arise? (ex. micrognathia, macrognathia)
- Primary-developmental 2. Secondary or AQUIRED-from another disease condition (tumors, acromegaly, Paget’s disease)
What is one of the most common developmental abnormalities occurring in the the 1st trimester? How long is the 1st trimester?
Cleft lip/cleft palate-1st trimester is 4-12 weeks
How common is cleft lip/palate in white births?
1/1000 white births
When does cleft lip/palate occur?
1st trimester (4-12 weeks)
What is the etiology for Cleft lip and/or palate?
UNKNOWN-genes plus environmental factors, mutations have been shown in 6-10 or 12 genes involved in development of the palate or lip
How many genes have been shown to be involved in cleft lip/palate?
haha uhh 6-10 or 12 (why not 6-12…LOL)
Normal Palatal development: _______ palatal shelves fuse anteriorly at junction with ________ and fuse posteriorly
lateral….premaxilla
Upper lip development- Bilayered ________
epithelium
Upper lip development–_________ penetrates developing into ________ tissue and _______ and adding bulk to lip.
MESODERM…connective tissue and muscle
Upper lip development-Where does MESODERM come from?….._________ portion of __________ and __________
GLOBULAR…median nasal process……maxillary processes bilaterally
Cleft lip comes from a lack of _________ penetration.
mesodermal
Cleft lip- which lip? where on the lip? how often is it bilateral?
upper lip, off the midline…20% of the time it is bilateral
Where on the palate does a cleft typically form?
ANTERIOR to the pre maxilla….(plus or minus R or L over alveolar ridge)
Are bifid uvula and cleft palate associated?
NO not related
What is bifid uvula occasionally associated with?
A Submucosal cleft of muscle
RANK the frequency of: (Cleft palate) (cleft lip WITH cleft palate) (cleft lip)….
(cleft lip WITH cleft palate) > (cleft lip)»_space; (cleft palate)
What % of people with JUST a cleft palate have other anomalies?
50% of people with just a cleft palate have other anomalies
about how many SYNDROMES have cleft palate as a component?
> 400!!
About what % of cases of cleft palate are also SYNDROMIC (not talking about anomalies here)
30%
What is the rule that Oral Surgeons follow when waiting to treat a cleft LIP?
Rule of 10 (10 weeks old, 10 lbs, 10gm%Hemoglobin)
How long do oral surgeons wait to repair a cleft palate?
about 1.5 years (once SPEECH patterns are being developed)
What is the etiology of a LIP PIT? Are they possibly associated with other anomalies?
Congenital malformation, often inherited….. YES, may be with other anomalies (clefts)
What is the name for an infection of minor
salivary glands in lower lip?
CHEIL-ITIS GLAND-ULARIS
Is cheilitis glandularis developmental?
No, not developmental
Who is most likely to get cheilitis glandularis?
Outdoor workers- weather thins and drys lips, promoting retrograde infection
What is the range of severity for cheilitis glandularis?
slight swelling to pain and deep abscesses/sinus tracts
Is cheilitis glandularis considered to be premalignant?
possibly (he put ????), shared etiology
What are ectopic sebaceous glands?
For-Dyce granules
When do fordyce granules develop?
after puberty
Fordyce granules are pretty freakin common….about how much of the population has them? (including your’s truly)
> 80% of people
Where are fordyce granules most typically found? are they bilateral?
buccal mucosa…yep, often bilaterally symmetrical
What would you describe as asymptomatic, superficial yellowish plaques?
fordyce granules
Is there a treatment for fordyce granules?
Nope, just recognition :)
You, Austin, would describe fordyce granules as asymptomatic, superficial yellowish, “_______”
plaques
What is clinically described as asymptomatic, generalized gingival hyperplasia?
FIBROMA—TOSIS……GINGIVAE
What is the etiology of FIBROMA-TOSIS GINGIVAE? Is it ever isolated or associated with syndromes?
inherited…mostly autosomal dominant….it CAN be isolated OR associated with syndromes
What is the typical treatment of fibroma-to-sis gingivae?
surgery, but it can come back
What is the term for no tongue development? (general term?)
aglossia (aplasia)
What is the term for a small underdeveloped tongue? (general term?)
microglossia (hypoplasia)
What is the term for an enlarged, overdeveloped tongue?
macroglossia
Primary macroglossia is considered to be ________
developmental
Secondary (or _______) macroglossia is usually from a ______
(acquired)….tumor or acromegaly, etc.
What is the official name for fusion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth (“tongue tied”)?
Anklyloglossia
What is the etiology of a BIFID tongue?
failure of the LATERAL HALVES of the ANTERIOR 2/3 of the tongue to fuse
What is the difference between a fissured tongue and a cleft tongue?
Cleft-failed fusion VS Fissured-unknown etiology, deep dorsal fissures
Are genetics to blame for fissured tongue?
yes, genetics may play a role
What are the two main indications for a fissured tongue?
- Increases with age 2.INCREASES more with xerstomia (may retain plaque…grosss)
What are the official names for geographic tongue?
benign migratory glossitis (funny name!) OR erythemia migrans)
Is benign migratory glossitis developmental?
NO! its inflammation dawg!
INTERESTING! What is the etiology of geographic tongue? How does it affect the sexes?
inflammation with unknown causes… 2:1 FEMALES!!
Do geographic tongue areas have papilla?
nope, they are depapillated erythematous areas
What colors typically surround the erythromatous areas of geographic tongue?
yellowish-white boarders (gross)
Does geographic tongue present symptoms?
usually ASYMPTOMATIC, but may burn or hurt
What is the term for geographic tongue that occasionally moves off the tongue?
Erythema migrans
What is the clincial name for hypertrophy of filiform papillae?
Hairy tongue
What is the etiology of hairy tongue? What are the 3 predisposing factors?
unknown, BUT predisposing factors 1.drugs (including h2o2–like me!! 2.smoking 3.radiation therapy)
What is the treatment of hairy tongue?
physical debridement w/or w/out chlorhexidine
