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ORAL PATHOLOGY! > Exam 4-Endocrine > Flashcards

Exam 4-Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 endocrine disorders that can cause a patient to die in the dental chair within 30 minutes?

A
  1. Thyroid Storm 2.Addison Crisis
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2
Q

Why are there typically GENERALIZED affects of endocrine disorders in the body (instead of focal)?

A

No duct system is present, the hormones are secreted directly into the blood

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3
Q

Which part of the brain is constantly regulating the level of hormones?

A

hypothalmus

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4
Q

What are two ways an endocrine gland can hyperfunctioo?

A
  1. tumor (hyperplasia or neoplasia-typically benign) 2.loss of negative feedback
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5
Q

What are the two ways an endocrine gland can hypo function?

A

1.destruction of the tissue 2.loss of positive feedback loop

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of a hypo functioning endocrine gland?

A

infarction

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7
Q

Where is the Pituitary gland? What are the three divisions?

A

the sellica turcica…1.anterior (FLAT-LG) 2.Intermediate (MSH) 3.Posterior (ADH, Oxytocin)

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8
Q

The anterior portion of the pituitary gland was actually derived from the oral mucosa…what is the name of this structure?

A

Rathke’s pouch

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9
Q

Which GH hyperfuncion is from PRE-pubertal onset and which is from POST-pubertal onset?

A

Pre = Gigantism….Post = Acromegaly

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10
Q

What type of bone growth is associated with gigantism?

A

endochondrial ossification (long bones)

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11
Q

What type of bone growth is associated with acromegaly?

A

intramembranous ossification (skull/jaws)

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12
Q

What are the two oral manifestations of gigantism?

A

1.macrodontia 2.Mandibular enlargement with prognathism

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13
Q

What are the 5 oral manifestations of ACROMEGALY?

A

1.Enlargement of skull and jaws 2.mandibular prognathism 3.Anterior open bite 4.diastemas 5.macroglossia

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14
Q

What in the world is McCune-Albright syndrome associated with??

A

Gigantism (1/5 w/ gigantism have it)

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15
Q

What are 4 oral manifestations of Dwarfism?

A

1.delayed eruption/retaining primary teeth 2.microdontia 3.failure of dev. of 3rd molars 4.crowding of teeth

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16
Q

What are the two systemic conditions that arise from hyperthyroid?

A

1.Graves Disease 2.Toxic Multinodular Goiter

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17
Q

What is the MAJOR complication in dental treatment that is associated with hyperthyroidism?

A

THYROID STORM (increase in T4=increase metabolism=increase in body temp)

18
Q

The two causes of glossopyrosis (burning tongue) we have discussed this section are?

A

1.Hyperthyroidism 2.Sickle Cell Anemia

19
Q

What are 3 oral manifestations of hyperthyroidism?

A

1.U-shaped mass in middle of neck 2.Glossopyrosis 3. Tremor of tongue

20
Q

What is the name for a CONGENITAL hyperthyroidism?

A

Cretinism

21
Q

What is the name for AQUIRED hyperthyroidism?

A

Myxedema (wtf? greek: mucus, swelling)

22
Q

Even though you won’t see a ton of these Pt’s unless you work with Special Needs, what are 3 oral manifestations of cretinism?

A

1.Large/Protruding tongue 2.delayed dev/eruption of teeth 3.caries and perio disease

23
Q

What are 2 oral manifestations of acquired hypothyroidism (myxedema)

A

1.enlarged tongue 2.lingual thyroid nodule (10% of people have residual thyroid tissue on tongue!)

24
Q

Typically how many parathyroid glands are there? What is their main duty?

A

4-6 of them…to regulate BLOOD CALCIUM levels

25
Q

What is the most likely endocrine disorder we will see in dental practice?

A

parathyroid hormone disorders

26
Q

What are three oral manifestations of hyperparathyroidism?

A

1.Radiolucent lesions in the jaw (often multiple) 2.loss of normal trabecular bone pattern-becomes GROUND GLASS 2.Loss of lamina dura

27
Q

Which endocrine disorder is associated with ground glass bone formation?

A

hyperparathyroidism

28
Q

What are the three oral manifestations of hypoparathyroidism?

A

1.partial adontia 2.malformed/hypoplastic teeth 3.Candidiasis

29
Q

Which endocrine disorder is associated with “brown tumors”?

A

hyperparathyroidism

30
Q

What are each of the three stages of hyperparathyroidism caused by? Which one is most common?

A

PRIMARY-most common, tumor in the gland…SECONDARY-during renal failure….TERTIARY-rare, post-renal transplant

31
Q

Which portion of the adrenal gland is responsible for Electrolyte (sodium, chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate) and fluid balance? What is the hormone called (category and specific name)?

A

the adrenal CORTEX…Minralocorticoid (Aldosterone)

32
Q

Which portion of the adrenal gland is responsible for Glucose utilization (stress management) and control of inflammatory responses? What is the hormone called (category and specific name)?

A

adrenal CORTEX…glucocorticoid (cortisol)

33
Q

Which portion of the adrenal gland is responsible for regulation of cardiac output and blood pressure? Which hormones are there?

A

the adrenal MEDULLA…norepinephrine and epinephrine

34
Q

What is the name of the syndrome seen with adrenal-cortical hyperfunction? What are the 2 oral manifestations?

A

Cushing’s syndrome…1.moon face 2.decreased mobility of tongue and muscles of mastication (CCCortex = CCushing)

35
Q

What are the two diseases associated with adreno-cortical hypOfunction? Which one are you NOT likely to see?

A
  1. Waterhouse-Friderichsen’s disease (probably won’t see them-its very acute, no oral manifestations) 2.Addison’s Disease
36
Q

What is another name/way of describing Addison’s disease?

A

Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency

37
Q

What is the term for a MAJOR potential complication of dental treatment for a patient with hypo-adrenocortico disease?

A

Addisonian Crisis (Blood pressure DROPS to 60/40)

38
Q

What are 2 oral manifestations of Addison’s disease?

A

1.bronzing of skin and face 2.multiple macular pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa

39
Q

What is bronzing of the face and melanin pigments in Addison’s disease a result of?

A

Excess ACTH being stimulated

40
Q

What are two good ways to steer clear of an Addisonian Crisis in the dental chair?

A

1.Schedule in the morning 2.supplement with steroids (so the body doesnt have to)

41
Q

What is the only cause of hyper function of the adrenal medulla? What are the oral manifestations?

A

a pheochromocytoma…no oral manifestations

42
Q

What is the result of hypo function of the adrenal medulla?

A

none reported, not compatible with life

ORAL PATHOLOGY! (40 decks)

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