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Gross II > Exam 4: Perineum > Flashcards

Exam 4: Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Perineum

A

A diamond-shaped space that is part of trunk below the pelvic diaphragm. Divided into 2 triangles by a line connecting 2 ischial tuberosities.

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2
Q

Triangles of perineum

A

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

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3
Q

Urogenital Triangle position

A

Lies in horizontal plane

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4
Q

Anal Triangle position

A

Tilted upward

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5
Q

Urogenital triangle boundaries

A
  1. Anterior: pubic symphysis
  2. Anterolateral: ischiopubic rami
  3. Posterior: Transverse line through ischial tuberosities
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6
Q

Layers of urogenital triangle

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial Perineal Pouch
  3. Perineal Membrane
  4. Deep Perineal Pouch
  5. Inferior Fascia of the Pelvic Diaphragm
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7
Q

Superficial Perineal Pouch made up of

A
  1. Superficial perineal fascia

2. Deep perineal Fascia

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8
Q

Superficial Perineal Fascia

A 
Fatty Layer (superficial)
Membranous layer (deep)
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9
Q

Colles’ Fascia

A

Membranous layer of superficial perineal pouch. Continuous with Dartos layer of the scrotum and Scarpa’s fascia

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10
Q

Superficial Perineal Pouch contents

A
  1. Perineal body
  2. Superficial transverse perineal muscle
  3. Ischiocavernosus muscle
  4. Crura of the Penis (Clitoris)
  5. Bulbospongiosus Muscle
  6. Bulb of the Penis (Vestible)
  7. Greater Vestibular Gland (females)
  8. Branches of the internal pudendal artery
  9. Branches of the Pudendal Nerve
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11
Q

Perineal body

A

Fibromuscular mass located between anal canal and bulb of penis

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12
Q

Muscle attachments on Perineal body

A
  1. Superficial transverse perineal
  2. Deep Transverse Perineal
  3. Bulbospongiosus
  4. Levator Ani
  5. External Anal sphincter
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13
Q

Episiotomy

A

Incision from posterior vaginal wall to perineal body. Prevents uncontrolled tearing of perineum

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14
Q

Muscle that does NOT attach to perineal body

A

Ischiocavernosus

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15
Q

Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle Nerve

A

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

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16
Q

Ischiocavernosus Nerve

A

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

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17
Q

Bulbospongiosus muscle (Male)

A

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Impedes venous return by compressing the bulb of the penis, maintaining the erection. Constricts corpus spongiosum to empty the urethra at the end of micturition and during ejaculation

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18
Q

Bulbospingosus (Female)

A

Pudendal Nerve

Constricts vaginal orifice and maintains erection of clitoris

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19
Q

Greater Vestibular Gland

A

2 ovoid glands which are located in the superficial perineal pouch, posterior to the bulb of the vestibule

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20
Q

Greater Vestibular Gland homologous to:

A

Bulbourethral gland in the male.

Secretes mucus which lubricates the vagina during sexual intercourse

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21
Q

Mechanism of Erection

A
  1. Parasympathetic activation (S2,3,4)
  2. Flow of blood compresses venous plexuses
  3. Bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus contract
22
Q

Deep Perineal Pouch contents

A
  1. Deep transverse perineal muscle
  2. External urethral sphincter
  3. Membranous part of urethra
  4. Bulbourethral gland (males)
  5. Branches of internal pudendal artery
  6. Pudendal nerve
23
Q

Deep transverse perineal muscle

A

Inserts of median raphe in males or walls of the vagina in females

Stabilizes the perineal body and supports the prostate gland or vagina

24
Q

External urethral sphincter Muscle

A

May be damaged during parturition and can lead to incontinence

25
Q

External Urethral Sphincter muscle (males)

A

Inferior Part

Superior part

26
Q

Inferior Part of external urethral sphincter muscle (male)

A

True anatomical sphincter which encircles the urethra below the prostate

27
Q

Superior part of external urethral sphincter muscle (male)

A

Trough-like portion within the isthmus of the prostate

28
Q

External urethral sphincter muscle (female)

A

Sphincter urethrovaginalis
Compressor urethrae
Superior part

29
Q

Sphincter urethrovaginalis

A

Inferior part of External urethral sphincter muscle that encircles the urethra and vagina

30
Q

Compressor Urethrae

A

Forms a band anterior to the urethra

31
Q

Superior part of External urethral sphincter muscle (female)

A

Trough-like portion

32
Q

Function of External urethral sphincter muscle

A

Compresses urethra at the end of micturition

33
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A

2 glands that lie in the deep perineal pouch

34
Q

Bulbourethral glands homologous to:

A

Greater vestibular glands of the female

Secrete a mucus-like substance (minor part of semen)

35
Q

Bulbourethral gland empties into:

A

Spongy urethra

36
Q

Anal triangle Boundaries

A

Anterior: transverse line trough ischial tuberosities
Posterolateral: sacrotuberous ligament
Posterior: tip of the Cocccyx

37
Q

Contents of anal triangle

A

Anal canal, external anal sphincter, ischioanal fossa

38
Q

Ischioanal fossa Lateral wall

A

Formed by obturator fascia

39
Q

Ischioanal Fossa contains

A
  1. Fat
  2. Pudendal canal
  3. Inferior rectal nerve and vessels
  4. Perineal branch of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
40
Q

Pudendal canal

A

Formed by the obturator fascia and lies on the lateral wall of ischioanal fossa

41
Q

Pudendal canal transmits

A

Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve

42
Q

Blood supply to perineum

A

Internal Pudendal artery

43
Q

Internal Pudendal Artery

A

Arises from internal iliac artery. Travels in pudendal canal with the pudendal nerve

44
Q

Branches of Internal Pudendal Artery

A
  1. Inferior rectal artery
  2. Perineal Artery
  3. Posterior scrotal (Labial) artery
  4. Artery of the bulb
  5. Urethral Artery
  6. Deep artery of the penis or clitoris
  7. Dorsal artery of the penis or clitoris
45
Q

External Pudendal artery

A

Small branch of femoral artery tat supplies male and female external genitalia

46
Q

Innervation of Perineum

A

Pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)

47
Q

Branches of the Pudendal nerve

A
  1. Inferior Rectal Nerve
  2. Perineal Nerve
  3. Dorsal Nerve of the Penis or Clitoris
48
Q

Inferior Rectal Nerve

A

Supplies external anal sphincter muscle and skin around anus

49
Q

Perineal Nerve branches

A

Deep- muscles of perineum

Superficial- sensory to scrotum or labia majora

50
Q

Dorsal nerve of the Penis or Clitoris

A

Supplies skin, prepuce, and glans of the penis or clitoris

Gross II (29 decks)

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