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Gross II > Exam 3: Groin > Flashcards

Exam 3: Groin Flashcards

1
Q

Inguinal ligament formed by

A

Lower edge of external oblique aponeurosis

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2
Q

Inguinal ligament extends from

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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3
Q

Lacunar ligament

A

Most medial fibers, insert into superior pubic ramus

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4
Q

Pectineal ligament

A

Lateral extension of lacunar lig, along pecten pubis

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5
Q

Inguinal canal is an ______ that is ____ long

A

Oblique passage; 3-5cm

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6
Q

Inguinal canal begins at _____ and ends at _____

A

Deep inguinal ring; superficial inguinal ring

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7
Q

Deep inguinal ring lies

A

Lateral and internal

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8
Q

Superficial inguinal ring lies

A

Medial and external

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9
Q

Inguinal canal is much larger in

A

Males (bc of spermatic cord)

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10
Q

Inguinal canal transmits

A 
Spermatic cord (M)
Round lig of uterus (F)
Ilioinguinal nerve (both)
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11
Q

Conjoint tendon AKA

A

Inguinal falx

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12
Q

Conjoint tendon formed by

A

Fusion of aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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13
Q

Conjoint tendon function

A

Strengthens posterior wall of medial half of inguinal canal

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14
Q

Anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

Aponeurosis of EO muscle

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15
Q

Posterior wall of inguinal canal

A

Conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia

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16
Q

Roof of inguinal canal

A

IO and transversus abdominis

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17
Q

Floor of inguinal canal

A

Inguinal and lagunar lig

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18
Q

Superficial inguinal ring location

A

Immediately lateral to pubic tubercle

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19
Q

Superficial inguinal ring formed by

A

Splitting of EO aponeurosis

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20
Q

Crura of Superficial inguinal ring

A

Lateral
Medial
Intercrural fibers

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21
Q

Lateral crus inserts into

A

Pubic tubercle

Some reflect to become lacunar lig

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22
Q

Medial crus inserts into

A

Pubic crest

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23
Q

Intercrural fibers

A

Strengthen apex of superficial inguinal ring

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24
Q

Deep inguinal ring is an opening within

A

Transversalis fascia

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25
Q

Deep inguinal ring location

A

Above inguinal lig, midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis

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26
Q

Deep inguinal ring lies just lateral to

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

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27
Q

Inguinal triangle

A

Area of potential weakness in anterior abdominal wall

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28
Q

Medial border of inguinal triangle

A

Lateral edge of rectus abdominis

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29
Q

Lateral border ot inguinal triangle

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

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30
Q

Inferior border of inguinal triangle

A

Inguinal lig

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31
Q

______ occur at inguinal triangle

A

Direct inguinal hernias

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32
Q

Inguinal canal before birth is ______

A

Shorter, and much less oblique

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33
Q

During childhood development inguinal canal _____

A

Lengthens and assumes its oblique position

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34
Q

2 anatomical adaptations to strengthen inguinal canal

A

Oblique position

Conjoint tendon

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35
Q

Oblique inguinal allow canal to be

A

Compressed by muscles of anterior ab wall

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36
Q

The same muscles which ________ also ______

A

Increase intra-abdominal pressure; narrow inguinal canal

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37
Q

Conjoint tendon adaptation function

A

Reinforces posterior wall of inguinal canal

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38
Q

Hernia

A

Abnormal protrusion of tissue through an opening

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39
Q

Inguinal hernias

A

Abdominal viscera (usually SI) protrude through inguinal region

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40
Q

Inguinal hernias are more common in _____ and why?

A

Males; large diameter of inguinal canal (spermatic cord) and scrotum creates a large potential space

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41
Q

Labia majora of female are homologous to

A

Scrotum of male

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42
Q

Labia majora are filled with

A

Fat

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43
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia passes through

A

Deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial inguinal ring

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44
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia passes

A

Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

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45
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia may be

A

Congenital or acquired

46
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia accounts for _____ of inguinal hernias

A

75%

47
Q

Processus vaginalis

A

Embryological outpouching of peritoneum which forms inguinal canal and tunica vaginalis of scrotum

48
Q

When processus vaginalis does not obliterate it

A

Leaves passageway for intestines to pass into scrotum

49
Q

Direct inguinal hernia punches

A

Directly through posterior wall of inguinal canal

50
Q

Direct inguinal hernia passes

A

Medial to inferior epigastric vessels

51
Q

Direct inguinal hernia causes

A

Bulging of anterior abdominal wall

52
Q

Direct inguinal hernia is always

A

Acquired

53
Q

Direct inguinal hernia accounts for ___ of inguinal hernias, occurring mostly in

A

25%; men over 40 years old

54
Q

Femoral hernia passes through

A

Femoral canal

55
Q

Femoral hernia occurs

A

Inferior to inguinal lig

56
Q

Femoral hernia more common in

A

Females

57
Q

Umbilical hernia results from

A

Incomplete closure of anterior abdominal wall after ligation of umbilicus at birth

Also defects in linea alba

58
Q

Spermatic cord begins and ends at

A

Begins at deep inguinal ring

Ends at testis

59
Q

Spermatic cord is covered by 3 layers of fascia:

A
  1. External spermatic fascia
  2. Cremasteric fascia
  3. Internal spermatic fascia
60
Q

External spermatic fascia is derived from

A

External oblique aponeurosis

61
Q

Cremasteric fascia is derived from

A

Internal oblique aponeurosis

62
Q

Cremasteric fascia contains

A

Cremaster muscle

63
Q

Cremaster muscle is derived from

A

Internal oblique muscle

64
Q

Cremaster muscle innervation

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1,L2)

65
Q

Function of cremaster muscle

A

Retracts testis; temperature regulation of sperm

66
Q

Internal spermatic fascia derived from

A

Transversalis fascia

67
Q

Ductus deferens

A

Muscular duct that transports sperm

68
Q

Testicular artery is a branch of

A

Abdominal aorta

69
Q

What makes up the bulk of spermatic cord

A

Pampiniform plexus

70
Q

Paminiform plexus is an extensive network of

A

Veins

71
Q

Pampiniform plexus acts as

A

Heat block

72
Q

Left testicular veins drains into

A

Left renal vein

73
Q

Right testicular vein drains into

A

Inferior vena cava

74
Q

Artery to ductus deferens is a branch of

A

Superior vesical artery

75
Q

Cremasteric artery is a branch of

A

Inferior epigastric artery

76
Q

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve supplies

A

Cremaster muscle

77
Q

Varicocele

A

Varicose veins of pampiniform plexus

78
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve accompanies

A

Spermatic cord

BUT IS NOT PART OF IT

79
Q

2 branches of ilioinguinal nerve

A

Femoral branch

Anterior scrotal/labial nerve

80
Q

Scrotum is an outpouching of

A

Anterior abdominal wall

81
Q

Scrotum skin is ____ with ______

A

Thin; little or no fat

Important for maintaining temp below body temp

82
Q

Scrotum contains

A

Testes
Epididymis
Lower part of spermatic cord

83
Q

Dartos muscle

A

Smooth muscle

84
Q

Dartos muscle function

A

Temperature regulation

85
Q

Layers of Tunica vaginalis

A

Parietal layer

Visceral layer

86
Q

Hydrocele

A

Accumulation of fluid in cavity of tunica vaginalis

87
Q

Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis

A

Superficial, internal to internal spermatic fascia

88
Q

Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

A

Deep, adherent to testis and epididymis

89
Q

Testes means

A

Witnessing

90
Q

2 functions of testis

A

Production of spermatozoa

Secretion of androgens

91
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Outer covering of testis

Deep to visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

92
Q

Testis is divided by septa into

A

Wedge shaped lobules

93
Q

Mediastinum testis

A

Posterior part of testis where septa converge

94
Q

Seminiferour tubules

A

Sperm producing portion

95
Q

Each lobule contains ____ seminiferous tubules

A

2-3

96
Q

Seminiferous tubules unite to form

A

Straight tubules

97
Q

Rete testis

A

Network of canals where straight tubules empty

98
Q

Efferent ductules

A

Connect rete testis to head of epididymis

99
Q

Name in order how sperm travel to epididymis

A

Seminiferous — straight — rete testis — efferent ductules — head of epididymis

100
Q

Epididymis function

A

Store sperm until they mature

101
Q

3 parts of epididymis

A

Head
Body
Tail

102
Q

Head of epididymis location

A

Connected to Superior surface by efferent ductules

103
Q

Body of epididymis

A

Posterior surface of testis

104
Q

Tail of epididymis

A

Ends in ductus deferens

105
Q

Lymphatic drainage of testis

A

Lumbar nodes

106
Q

Lymphatic drainage of scrotum

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

107
Q

Testes develop in

A

Lumbar region

108
Q

Testes normally descend through

A

Inguinal canal; just before birth

109
Q

Gubernaculum testis

A

Ligament that connects testis to scrotum in the fetus

110
Q

Gubernaculum testis during descent

A

Contracts to pull testis downward and through inguinal canal

111
Q

Gubernaculum testis responds to

A

Testosterone

Gross II (29 decks)

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