Exam 3: Groin Flashcards
1
Q
Inguinal ligament formed by
A
Lower edge of external oblique aponeurosis
2
Q
Inguinal ligament extends from
A
ASIS to pubic tubercle
3
Q
Lacunar ligament
A
Most medial fibers, insert into superior pubic ramus
4
Q
Pectineal ligament
A
Lateral extension of lacunar lig, along pecten pubis
5
Q
Inguinal canal is an ______ that is ____ long
A
Oblique passage; 3-5cm
6
Q
Inguinal canal begins at _____ and ends at _____
A
Deep inguinal ring; superficial inguinal ring
7
Q
Deep inguinal ring lies
A
Lateral and internal
8
Q
Superficial inguinal ring lies
A
Medial and external
9
Q
Inguinal canal is much larger in
A
Males (bc of spermatic cord)
10
Q
Inguinal canal transmits
A
Spermatic cord (M) Round lig of uterus (F) Ilioinguinal nerve (both)
11
Q
Conjoint tendon AKA
A
Inguinal falx
12
Q
Conjoint tendon formed by
A
Fusion of aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
13
Q
Conjoint tendon function
A
Strengthens posterior wall of medial half of inguinal canal
14
Q
Anterior wall of inguinal canal
A
Aponeurosis of EO muscle
15
Q
Posterior wall of inguinal canal
A
Conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia
16
Q
Roof of inguinal canal
A
IO and transversus abdominis
17
Q
Floor of inguinal canal
A
Inguinal and lagunar lig
18
Q
Superficial inguinal ring location
A
Immediately lateral to pubic tubercle
19
Q
Superficial inguinal ring formed by
A
Splitting of EO aponeurosis
20
Q
Crura of Superficial inguinal ring
A
Lateral
Medial
Intercrural fibers
21
Q
Lateral crus inserts into
A
Pubic tubercle
Some reflect to become lacunar lig
22
Q
Medial crus inserts into
A
Pubic crest
23
Q
Intercrural fibers
A
Strengthen apex of superficial inguinal ring
24
Q
Deep inguinal ring is an opening within
A
Transversalis fascia
25
Deep inguinal ring location
Above inguinal lig, midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis
26
Deep inguinal ring lies just lateral to
Inferior epigastric vessels
27
Inguinal triangle
Area of potential weakness in anterior abdominal wall
28
Medial border of inguinal triangle
Lateral edge of rectus abdominis
29
Lateral border ot inguinal triangle
Inferior epigastric vessels
30
Inferior border of inguinal triangle
Inguinal lig
31
______ occur at inguinal triangle
Direct inguinal hernias
32
Inguinal canal before birth is ______
Shorter, and much less oblique
33
During childhood development inguinal canal _____
Lengthens and assumes its oblique position
34
2 anatomical adaptations to strengthen inguinal canal
Oblique position
| Conjoint tendon
35
Oblique inguinal allow canal to be
Compressed by muscles of anterior ab wall
36
The same muscles which ________ also ______
Increase intra-abdominal pressure; narrow inguinal canal
37
Conjoint tendon adaptation function
Reinforces posterior wall of inguinal canal
38
Hernia
Abnormal protrusion of tissue through an opening
39
Inguinal hernias
Abdominal viscera (usually SI) protrude through inguinal region
40
Inguinal hernias are more common in _____ and why?
Males; large diameter of inguinal canal (spermatic cord) and scrotum creates a large potential space
41
Labia majora of female are homologous to
Scrotum of male
42
Labia majora are filled with
Fat
43
Indirect inguinal hernia passes through
Deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial inguinal ring
44
Indirect inguinal hernia passes
Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
45
Indirect inguinal hernia may be
Congenital or acquired
46
Indirect inguinal hernia accounts for _____ of inguinal hernias
75%
47
Processus vaginalis
Embryological outpouching of peritoneum which forms inguinal canal and tunica vaginalis of scrotum
48
When processus vaginalis does not obliterate it
Leaves passageway for intestines to pass into scrotum
49
Direct inguinal hernia punches
Directly through posterior wall of inguinal canal
50
Direct inguinal hernia passes
Medial to inferior epigastric vessels
51
Direct inguinal hernia causes
Bulging of anterior abdominal wall
52
Direct inguinal hernia is always
Acquired
53
Direct inguinal hernia accounts for ___ of inguinal hernias, occurring mostly in
25%; men over 40 years old
54
Femoral hernia passes through
Femoral canal
55
Femoral hernia occurs
Inferior to inguinal lig
56
Femoral hernia more common in
Females
57
Umbilical hernia results from
Incomplete closure of anterior abdominal wall after ligation of umbilicus at birth
Also defects in linea alba
58
Spermatic cord begins and ends at
Begins at deep inguinal ring
| Ends at testis
59
Spermatic cord is covered by 3 layers of fascia:
1. External spermatic fascia
2. Cremasteric fascia
3. Internal spermatic fascia
60
External spermatic fascia is derived from
External oblique aponeurosis
61
Cremasteric fascia is derived from
Internal oblique aponeurosis
62
Cremasteric fascia contains
Cremaster muscle
63
Cremaster muscle is derived from
Internal oblique muscle
64
Cremaster muscle innervation
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1,L2)
65
Function of cremaster muscle
Retracts testis; temperature regulation of sperm
66
Internal spermatic fascia derived from
Transversalis fascia
67
Ductus deferens
Muscular duct that transports sperm
68
Testicular artery is a branch of
Abdominal aorta
69
What makes up the bulk of spermatic cord
Pampiniform plexus
70
Paminiform plexus is an extensive network of
Veins
71
Pampiniform plexus acts as
Heat block
72
Left testicular veins drains into
Left renal vein
73
Right testicular vein drains into
Inferior vena cava
74
Artery to ductus deferens is a branch of
Superior vesical artery
75
Cremasteric artery is a branch of
Inferior epigastric artery
76
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve supplies
Cremaster muscle
77
Varicocele
Varicose veins of pampiniform plexus
78
Ilioinguinal nerve accompanies
Spermatic cord
BUT IS NOT PART OF IT
79
2 branches of ilioinguinal nerve
Femoral branch
| Anterior scrotal/labial nerve
80
Scrotum is an outpouching of
Anterior abdominal wall
81
Scrotum skin is ____ with ______
Thin; little or no fat
Important for maintaining temp below body temp
82
Scrotum contains
Testes
Epididymis
Lower part of spermatic cord
83
Dartos muscle
Smooth muscle
84
Dartos muscle function
Temperature regulation
85
Layers of Tunica vaginalis
Parietal layer
| Visceral layer
86
Hydrocele
Accumulation of fluid in cavity of tunica vaginalis
87
Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
Superficial, internal to internal spermatic fascia
88
Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
Deep, adherent to testis and epididymis
89
Testes means
Witnessing
90
2 functions of testis
Production of spermatozoa
| Secretion of androgens
91
Tunica albuginea
Outer covering of testis
| Deep to visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
92
Testis is divided by septa into
Wedge shaped lobules
93
Mediastinum testis
Posterior part of testis where septa converge
94
Seminiferour tubules
Sperm producing portion
95
Each lobule contains ____ seminiferous tubules
2-3
96
Seminiferous tubules unite to form
Straight tubules
97
Rete testis
Network of canals where straight tubules empty
98
Efferent ductules
Connect rete testis to head of epididymis
99
Name in order how sperm travel to epididymis
Seminiferous — straight — rete testis — efferent ductules — head of epididymis
100
Epididymis function
Store sperm until they mature
101
3 parts of epididymis
Head
Body
Tail
102
Head of epididymis location
Connected to Superior surface by efferent ductules
103
Body of epididymis
Posterior surface of testis
104
Tail of epididymis
Ends in ductus deferens
105
Lymphatic drainage of testis
Lumbar nodes
106
Lymphatic drainage of scrotum
Superficial inguinal nodes
107
Testes develop in
Lumbar region
108
Testes normally descend through
Inguinal canal; just before birth
109
Gubernaculum testis
Ligament that connects testis to scrotum in the fetus
110
Gubernaculum testis during descent
Contracts to pull testis downward and through inguinal canal
111
Gubernaculum testis responds to
Testosterone
