Exam 2: Clinical Features

Question 1

Voice dimorphism caused by

Answer 1

Length of vocal cords
Size of resonating chamber
Thickness of vocal cords

Question 2

Sentinel Node is

Answer 2

Enlarged Supraclavicular node of left side

Question 3

Sentinel node is first indication of

Answer 3

Visceral tumor of thorax/abdomen

Question 4

Lymphoma is

Answer 4

Primary tumor of LN

Question 5

Poorer lymphoma prognosis

Answer 5

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 6

If lymph node is tender and painful….

Answer 6

Infection

Question 7

If lymph node is hard and painless…

Answer 7

Cyst

Development of cancer

Question 8

MC CA in women

Answer 8

Breast

Question 9

Breast cancer spreads to ____ first

Answer 9

Axillary node

Question 10

Signs of breast cancer

Answer 10

Dimpling of breast
Inverted nipple
Leathery thickening of skin

Question 11

Pneumothorax

Answer 11

“Sucking chest wound”

Pleural cavity fills with air

Question 12

Tension pneumothorax

Answer 12

Flap in visceral pleura instead of hold

Air cannot exit——life threatening

Pleural cavity inflates—pushes mediastinum to compress other lung

Question 13

Pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, hemothorax, and hemopneumothorax all result in

Answer 13

Atelectasis

Question 14

Pleuritis

Answer 14

Inflammation of pleura leading to adhesion between parietal and visceral pleura

Question 15

Pleuritis results in referred pain to

Answer 15

Shoulder from phrenic nerve

Question 16

Pain in pleuritis radiates along

Answer 16

Distribution of supraclavicular nerve

Question 17

Pleuritis produces

Answer 17

Pleural friction rub in sound auscultation

Question 18

Hiatal hernia

Answer 18

Weakness in diaphragmatic wall around esophageal hiatus , resulting in upper stomach sliding into thoracic cavity

Major cause of GERD

Question 19

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 19

Fluid leaks rapidly into pericardial cavity

Heat may be compressed and venous return impeded

External jugular v becomes prominent

Question 20

Pericarditis produces

Answer 20

Pericardial friction rub on auscultation

Question 21

Pericarditis is less painful than pleuritis, but is is

Answer 21

More serious, potentially life threatening

Question 22

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 22

Obstruction of pulmonary artery by blood clot (clot forms in systemic venous system)

Question 23

Pulmonary embolism can block blood flow to lung, resulting in

Answer 23

Acute respiratory distress

Question 24

___ of adults have foramen ovalis persisting as a small opening

Answer 24

25%

Question 25

Enlargement of heart can occur in 2 ways

Answer 25

1. Muscular Hypertrophy
   - elasticity of blood vessels lost with age
2. Dilation of a Chamber
   - septal defects
   - valve incompetency

Question 26

Angina pectoris

Answer 26

Substernal chest pain upon exercise due to insufficient blood flow to heart

Question 27

Myocardial infarction

Answer 27

Acute heart attack (when coronary artery branch completely blocked)