Exam 4: Kidney Flashcards by Rachel Smith

Kidney functions

Remove water, salts and products of protein metabolism

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Most posterior organ

Kidney

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Kidney extends from

T12-L3

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_____ kidney is slightly lower and why

Right; large size of R lobe of liver

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Kidneys lie anterior to ____ and lateral to _____

Psoas major; vertebral column

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What is sometimes mistaken for kidney pain

Psoas major strain

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Poles of kidney

Superior and inferior

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Hilum of the kidney is a _____ fissure on the medial surface

Vertical

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Hilum of kidney transmits

Renal vein
Renal artery
Ureter
Autonomic and sensory nerves

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Structure that is anterior within the hilum

Renal Vein

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Structure that is posterior within hilum

Ureter

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Renal artery passes between ____ and ____ within the hilum

Renal vein and ureter

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Renal pelvis

Expanded superior end of ureter (within hilum)

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Renal sinus

Recess located within hilum, filled with fat

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Structures that enter hilum are collectively known as

Renal pedicle

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Renal cortex

Outer portion of kidney

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Renal column

Projections of cortex into medulla

Between renal pyramids

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Renal medulla

Inner portion of kidney

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Renal medulla includes

8-12 renal pyramids

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Renal pyramid terminates in an apex known as

Renal papilla

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Minor calices

Cup shaped structures into which renal papilla fit

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Minor calices empty into

Major calices

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How many major calices does a normal kidney have

2 or 3

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Major calices empty into

Renal pelvis

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Renal artery is from

Abdominal aorta

Extrahilar arteries

Accessories arteries from ab aorta

Extrahilar arteries originate ________ renal artery

Above OR below

Renal vein drains into

Inferior vena cava

____ renal vein drains an extensive area

Left

Left renal vein also drains

Suprarenal gland Gonad Diaphragm Body wall

Anatomical nutcracker

L renal vein and 3rd part duodenum compressed by aorta and superior mesenteric artery

Compression in anatomical nutcracker may lead to

L side kidney failure and vomiting

Renal plexus formed by

Celiac plexus Aortic plexus Direct branches from T and L splanchnic nerves

Layers covering kidney

Renal capsule Perinephric fat Renal fascia Paranephric fat

Innermost layer covering kidney

Renal capsule

Outermost layer covering kidney

Paranephric fat

Fat around kidney functions in

Protection Insulation Support

Renal fascia

Membranous layer that splits to enclose kidney

Renal calculi AKA

Kidney stones

Kidney stones may be composed of

Calcium oxalate (MC) Calcium phosphate Uric acid

Renal calculi produce

Dull ache in kidney | Severe pain in ureter

Risk factors for renal calculi

Male Low fluid intake SE USA

Nephroptosis AKA

Floating kidney

In nephroptosis, kidney becomes

Hypermobile — may turn, twisting blood vessels

Ureter is a _____

Muscular tube

Ureter connects

Kidney to urinary bladder

Ureter is retroperitoneal and descends on

Psoas major muscle

Ureter is crossed by

Gonadal vessels

Ureter crosses

Common iliac artery

Upper part of ureter lies in ___ and lower part lies in ____

Abdomen; pelvis

3 constrictions in ureter where kidney stones become lodged

Ureteropelvic junction Pelvic brim Enters wall of bladder

Blood supply to ureter

``` Renal A Gonadal A Aorta Common iliac A Superior vesical A ```

Which artery supplies pelvic part of ureter

Superior vesical A

Suprarenal gland is part of

Endocrine system

2 parts of suprarenal gland

Medulla | Cortex

Medulla of suprarenal gland secretes

Catacholamines - epi - NE

Cortex of suprarenal gland secretes

Corticosteroids

What is the general name for suprarenal gland

``` Adrenal gland (Suprarenal = humans) ```

Secretions of suprarenal gland are

ESSENTIAL for life

Medulla of suprarenal gland is a ____ that is derived from ____

Sympathetic ganglion; neural crest cells

Suprarenal gland is a _____ organ

Retroperitoneal

Suprarenal gland is surrounded by

Capsule and renal fascia

Right suprarenal gland is ____ while left is _____ (shapes)

Pyramidal; semilunar

Addison’s disease

Adrenal hypofunction

Addison’s disease affects

Corticosteroid output

Blood supply to suprarenal gland

Superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries

Superior suprarenal artery is from

Inferior phrenic artery

Middle suprarenal artery is form

Aorta

Inferior suprarenal artery is from

Renal artery

Right suprarenal veins drains

Directly into IVC

Left suprarenal vein drains into

L renal vein

Suprarenal gland relative to its size has the largest

Autonomic nerve supply of any organ

Pain from a kidney stone passes from

Loin to the groin