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Gross II > Exam 4: Kidney > Flashcards

Exam 4: Kidney Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney functions

A

Remove water, salts and products of protein metabolism

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2
Q

Most posterior organ

A

Kidney

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3
Q

Kidney extends from

A

T12-L3

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4
Q

_____ kidney is slightly lower and why

A

Right; large size of R lobe of liver

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5
Q

Kidneys lie anterior to ____ and lateral to _____

A

Psoas major; vertebral column

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6
Q

What is sometimes mistaken for kidney pain

A

Psoas major strain

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7
Q

Poles of kidney

A

Superior and inferior

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8
Q

Hilum of the kidney is a _____ fissure on the medial surface

A

Vertical

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9
Q

Hilum of kidney transmits

A

Renal vein
Renal artery
Ureter
Autonomic and sensory nerves

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10
Q

Structure that is anterior within the hilum

A

Renal Vein

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11
Q

Structure that is posterior within hilum

A

Ureter

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12
Q

Renal artery passes between ____ and ____ within the hilum

A

Renal vein and ureter

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13
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Expanded superior end of ureter (within hilum)

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14
Q

Renal sinus

A

Recess located within hilum, filled with fat

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15
Q

Structures that enter hilum are collectively known as

A

Renal pedicle

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16
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer portion of kidney

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17
Q

Renal column

A

Projections of cortex into medulla

Between renal pyramids

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18
Q

Renal medulla

A

Inner portion of kidney

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19
Q

Renal medulla includes

A

8-12 renal pyramids

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20
Q

Renal pyramid terminates in an apex known as

A

Renal papilla

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21
Q

Minor calices

A

Cup shaped structures into which renal papilla fit

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22
Q

Minor calices empty into

A

Major calices

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23
Q

How many major calices does a normal kidney have

A

2 or 3

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24
Q

Major calices empty into

A

Renal pelvis

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25
Q

Renal artery is from

A

Abdominal aorta

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26
Q

Extrahilar arteries

A

Accessories arteries from ab aorta

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27
Q

Extrahilar arteries originate ________ renal artery

A

Above OR below

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28
Q

Renal vein drains into

A

Inferior vena cava

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29
Q

____ renal vein drains an extensive area

A

Left

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30
Q

Left renal vein also drains

A

Suprarenal gland
Gonad
Diaphragm
Body wall

31
Q

Anatomical nutcracker

A

L renal vein and 3rd part duodenum compressed by aorta and superior mesenteric artery

32
Q

Compression in anatomical nutcracker may lead to

A

L side kidney failure and vomiting

33
Q

Renal plexus formed by

A

Celiac plexus
Aortic plexus
Direct branches from T and L splanchnic nerves

34
Q

Layers covering kidney

A

Renal capsule
Perinephric fat
Renal fascia
Paranephric fat

35
Q

Innermost layer covering kidney

A

Renal capsule

36
Q

Outermost layer covering kidney

A

Paranephric fat

37
Q

Fat around kidney functions in

A

Protection
Insulation
Support

38
Q

Renal fascia

A

Membranous layer that splits to enclose kidney

39
Q

Renal calculi AKA

A

Kidney stones

40
Q

Kidney stones may be composed of

A

Calcium oxalate (MC)
Calcium phosphate
Uric acid

41
Q

Renal calculi produce

A

Dull ache in kidney

Severe pain in ureter

42
Q

Risk factors for renal calculi

A

Male
Low fluid intake
SE USA

43
Q

Nephroptosis AKA

A

Floating kidney

44
Q

In nephroptosis, kidney becomes

A

Hypermobile — may turn, twisting blood vessels

45
Q

Ureter is a _____

A

Muscular tube

46
Q

Ureter connects

A

Kidney to urinary bladder

47
Q

Ureter is retroperitoneal and descends on

A

Psoas major muscle

48
Q

Ureter is crossed by

A

Gonadal vessels

49
Q

Ureter crosses

A

Common iliac artery

50
Q

Upper part of ureter lies in ___ and lower part lies in ____

A

Abdomen; pelvis

51
Q

3 constrictions in ureter where kidney stones become lodged

A

Ureteropelvic junction
Pelvic brim
Enters wall of bladder

52
Q

Blood supply to ureter

A 
Renal A
Gonadal A
Aorta
Common iliac A
Superior vesical A
53
Q

Which artery supplies pelvic part of ureter

A

Superior vesical A

54
Q

Suprarenal gland is part of

A

Endocrine system

55
Q

2 parts of suprarenal gland

A

Medulla

Cortex

56
Q

Medulla of suprarenal gland secretes

A

Catacholamines

  • epi
  • NE
57
Q

Cortex of suprarenal gland secretes

A

Corticosteroids

58
Q

What is the general name for suprarenal gland

A 
Adrenal gland
(Suprarenal = humans)
59
Q

Secretions of suprarenal gland are

A

ESSENTIAL for life

60
Q

Medulla of suprarenal gland is a ____ that is derived from ____

A

Sympathetic ganglion; neural crest cells

61
Q

Suprarenal gland is a _____ organ

A

Retroperitoneal

62
Q

Suprarenal gland is surrounded by

A

Capsule and renal fascia

63
Q

Right suprarenal gland is ____ while left is _____ (shapes)

A

Pyramidal; semilunar

64
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Adrenal hypofunction

65
Q

Addison’s disease affects

A

Corticosteroid output

66
Q

Blood supply to suprarenal gland

A

Superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries

67
Q

Superior suprarenal artery is from

A

Inferior phrenic artery

68
Q

Middle suprarenal artery is form

A

Aorta

69
Q

Inferior suprarenal artery is from

A

Renal artery

70
Q

Right suprarenal veins drains

A

Directly into IVC

71
Q

Left suprarenal vein drains into

A

L renal vein

72
Q

Suprarenal gland relative to its size has the largest

A

Autonomic nerve supply of any organ

73
Q

Pain from a kidney stone passes from

A

Loin to the groin

Gross II (29 decks)

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