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Gross II > Exam 2: Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Exam 2: Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of sternum

A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Body
  3. Xiphoid process
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2
Q

Widest and thickest part of sternum

A

Manubrium

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3
Q

Body of sternum articulates with

A

2nd—7th costal cartilages

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4
Q

What part of the sternum is broken sometimes broken during CPR

A

Xiphoid process

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5
Q

Articulation of manubrium w/ body of sternum forms

A

Sternal angle

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6
Q

Sternal angle found at what level

A

T4/T5 IVD

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7
Q

Superior thoracic aperture AKA

A

Thoracic inlet

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8
Q

Superior thoracic aperture bounded by

A

Manubrium
1st rib
1st thoracic vertebra

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9
Q

Inferior thoracic aperture AKA

A

Thoracic outlet

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10
Q

Inferior thoracic aperture bounded by

A
  1. Xiphoid process
  2. Costal margin
  3. 12th rib
  4. Distal end 11th rib
  5. 12th thoracic vertebra
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11
Q

2 types of ribs

A

True ribs and false ribs

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12
Q

True ribs

A

Ribs 1-7

Articulate with sternum directly

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13
Q

False ribs 8-10

A

Articulate with sternum indirectly, attach to costal cartilage of rib above

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14
Q

False ribs 11 and 12

A

Not connected to sternum at all

“Floating ribs”

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15
Q

Typical ribs

A

3-9

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16
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

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17
Q

Morphology of typical ribs

A

Head, neck, tubercle, angle, shaft, costal groove

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18
Q

Functions of thoracic cage

A
  1. Protection
  2. Muscle attachments
  3. Respiration
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19
Q

External intercostal muscle runs from ____ to _____.

A

Lower border (ribs 1-11) to upper border (ribs 2-12)

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20
Q

External intercostal muscle function

A

Elevates ribs in inspiration

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21
Q

Internal and innermost intercostal muscles runs from _____ to _____

A

Upper border (ribs 2-12) to lower border (ribs 1-11)

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22
Q

Muscles of thoracic wall that function to depress ribs in forced expiration

A

Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal
Subcostalis
Transversus thoracic

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23
Q

External intercostal muscles begin at _____ and end at ____

A

Tubercle of rib; costochondral joint

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24
Q

External intercostal muscles replaced by

A

External intercostal membrane

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25
Q

Internal intercostal muscles begin at ____ and end at ____

A

Sternum; angle of ribs

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26
Q

Internal intercostal muscles replaced by

A

Internal intercostal membrane

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27
Q

Functions of muscles of thoracic wall EXCEPT external intercostal muscle

A

Depress ribs in FORCED expiration

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28
Q

External intercostal muscle fibers run

A

Downward and forward

29
Q

Internal and innermost intercostal muscle fibers run

A

Downward and backward

30
Q

Anterior aspect of thoracic wall supplied by

A

Internal thoracic artery and its branches

31
Q

Internal thoracic artery branches

A

Pericardiacophrenic
Anterior intercostal
Musculophrenic
Superior epigastric

32
Q

Lateral terminal branch of internal thoracic artery

A

Musculophrenic artery

33
Q

Medial terminal branch of internal thoracic artery

A

Superior epigastric artery

34
Q

Pericardiacophrenic artery supplies

A

Pleura
Pericardium
Diaphragm

35
Q

Anterior intercostal artery supplies

A

Upper 6 intercostal spaces

Creates anastomose

36
Q

Posterior aspect of thoracic wall supplied by

A

Supreme intercostal artery
Posterior intercostal arteries
Subcostal artery

37
Q

Anterior aspect of thoracic wall drained by

A

Internal thoracic vein

38
Q

Internal thoracic vein is _____ to arteries

A

Medial

39
Q

On the R side the 1st posterior intercostal drains into

A

Brachiocephalic vein

40
Q

On the R side, the 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal veins joint to form ________ which drains into _______

A

Superior intercostal vein; azygos vein

41
Q

On the R side, the 4th-11th posterior intercostal and subcostal veins drain into

A

Azygos vein

42
Q

On the L side, the 1st posterior intercostal veins drains into

A

Brachiocephalic vein

43
Q

On the L side, 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal veins join to form _____ which drains into ______

A

Superior intercostal vein; LEFT brachiocephalic vein

44
Q

On the L side, 4th thru 8th posterior intercostal veins join to form _____ which drains into _____

A

Accessory Hemiazygos vein; azygos vein

45
Q

On the L side, 9th thru 11th posterior intercostal and subcostal veins join to form ______ which drains into _____

A

Hemiazygos vein; azygos vein

46
Q

Nerves of thoracic wall

A 
Intercostal nerves (1-11)
Subcostal nerve (12)
47
Q

Endothoracic fascia function

A

Prevents innermost intercostals from rubbing against parietal pleura

48
Q

Thickening of endothoracic fascia

A

Suprapleural membrane

49
Q

Intercostal V.A.N lie within _____ between _____.

A

Costal groove; internal and innermost intercostal muscles

50
Q

3 cavities that make up thoracic cavity

A

2 pleural cavities

1 mediastinum

51
Q

Pleural cavities surround

A

Lungs

52
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Lines inner surface of thorax

53
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Invests the lung

54
Q

Pleural cavity is a

A

Potential space

55
Q

Pleural fluid

A

Lubricates pleurae to minimize friction

56
Q

4 parts of parietal pleura

A

Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic
Cervical

57
Q

Costodiaphragmatic recess location

A

Where costal and disphragmatic pleurae meet

Midaxillary line

58
Q

Costomediastinal recess location

A

Costal and medistinal pleurae meet

59
Q

Blood supply to parietal pleura

A

Intercostal, internal thoracic and superior phrenic arteries

60
Q

Visceral pleura supplied by

A

Bronchial artery

61
Q

Parietal pleura innervation

A

Intercostal, subcostal and phrenic nerves

62
Q

Parietal pleura is

A

HIGHLY sensitive to pain

63
Q

Visceral pleura innervation

A

None

Insensitive to pain

64
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Pleural cavities fill with air

65
Q

Causes of pneumothorax

A

Trauma
Disease
Congenital weak spot

66
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

Flap present on visceral pleura

Air enters but cannot exit

67
Q

Hemothorax

A

Pleural cavity fills with blood

68
Q

Hemopneumothorax

A

Pleural cavity fills with air and blood

69
Q

Pleuritis produces

A

Pleural friction rub

Gross II (29 decks)

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