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Gross II > Exam 3: Clinical Features > Flashcards

Exam 3: Clinical Features Flashcards

1
Q

Extravasation of urine happens between which layers

A

Scarpa’s and deep fascia

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2
Q

In extravasation of urine, urine spreads

A

Superiorly

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3
Q

Extravasation of urine more common in

A

Males

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4
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia goes through

A

Deep ring, inguinal canal and superficial ring

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5
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia descends into

A

Scrotum

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6
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias pass ____ to inferior epigastric vessels

A

Lateral

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7
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias are

A

Congenital or acquired

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8
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia accounts for ____ of inguinal hernias

A

75%

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9
Q

Direct inguinal hernias go through

A

Posterior wall of inguinal canal

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10
Q

Direct inguinal hernias pass ____ to inferior epigastric vessels

A

Medial

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11
Q

Direct inguinal hernias are always

A

Acquired

Usually men over 40

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12
Q

Cryptochorchidism

A

Testes undescended at birth

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13
Q

______ increases risk of cryptorchidism

A

Prematurity

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14
Q

Cryptorchidism is usually

A

Unilateral

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15
Q

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Increases in size of pyloric sphincter — reduces size of pyloric canal

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16
Q

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is more common in

A

Males

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17
Q

Pylorospasm

A

Spasmotic contraction of pyloric sphincter

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18
Q

Pylorospasm results in

A

Food not passing into SI, resulting in vomiting

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19
Q

Subluxation of ____ may play role in pylorospasm

A

T5-9 (greater splanchnic)

20
Q

Duodenal ulcers most commonly occur in

A

Duodenal cap

21
Q

Duodenal ulcer can result in erosion of

A

Gastroduodenal A

Results in severe hemorrhage

22
Q

Ilead (Meckel’s) Diverticulum

A

Remnant of portion of embryonic vitelline duct

23
Q

Ileal Diverticulum presents as

A

Fingerlike pouches which project from distal ileum

24
Q

Crohn’s disease most commonly affects

A

Distal ileum and adjacent colon

25
Q

Crohn’s disease presents as

A

Cobblestone radiographic image

26
Q

Appendicitis is the most common

A

Intra-abdominal contidion

27
Q

Symptoms of appendicitis

A

Umbilical pain localized in RL quadrant

28
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Herniation’s of mucosa of colon through muscular layer

NO inflammation

29
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Diverticuli that are inflamed

30
Q

Diverticulitis due to

A

Low fiber diet

31
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Inflammation and ulceration of rectum and lower colon

32
Q

How ulcerative colitis appears radiographically

A

Bowel appears constricted

33
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome AKA

A

Spastic colon

34
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome symptoms

A

Recurrent ab pain and diarrhea WITHOUT inflammation

35
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome has no know cause but may be linked to

A

Stress and anxiety

36
Q

Cirrhosis of the liver characterized by

A

Destruction of hepatic cells

37
Q

In cirrhosis, liver becomes

A

Hard and nodule and constricts portal vein

38
Q

Causes of cirrhosis

A

Alcoholism and hepatitis

39
Q

Portal hypertension

A

Abnormal elevation of pressure in portal system

40
Q

In portal hypertension blood backs up into

A

Caval system at anastomoses

41
Q

Gallstones are solidified

A

Bile constituents (cholesterol)

42
Q

Gallstones MC impacted at

A

Sphincter of ampulla

bile backs up into pancreas

43
Q

Rupture of pancreas hammer/anvil

A

Steering wheel = hammer

Vertebral column = anvil

44
Q

Most frequently injured organ

A

Spleen

45
Q

Spleen is vulnerable to blows to

A

Left hypochondrium

46
Q

Rupture results in severe

A

Hemorrhage and shock

47
Q

Risk factors for rupture of spleen

A

Mono
Malria
Sickle-cell anemia
Septicemia

Gross II (29 decks)

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