Exam 3: Clinical Features Flashcards
Extravasation of urine happens between which layers
Scarpa’s and deep fascia
In extravasation of urine, urine spreads
Superiorly
Extravasation of urine more common in
Males
Indirect inguinal hernia goes through
Deep ring, inguinal canal and superficial ring
Indirect inguinal hernia descends into
Scrotum
Indirect inguinal hernias pass ____ to inferior epigastric vessels
Lateral
Indirect inguinal hernias are
Congenital or acquired
Indirect inguinal hernia accounts for ____ of inguinal hernias
75%
Direct inguinal hernias go through
Posterior wall of inguinal canal
Direct inguinal hernias pass ____ to inferior epigastric vessels
Medial
Direct inguinal hernias are always
Acquired
Usually men over 40
Cryptochorchidism
Testes undescended at birth
______ increases risk of cryptorchidism
Prematurity
Cryptorchidism is usually
Unilateral
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Increases in size of pyloric sphincter — reduces size of pyloric canal
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is more common in
Males
Pylorospasm
Spasmotic contraction of pyloric sphincter
Pylorospasm results in
Food not passing into SI, resulting in vomiting
Subluxation of ____ may play role in pylorospasm
T5-9 (greater splanchnic)
Duodenal ulcers most commonly occur in
Duodenal cap
Duodenal ulcer can result in erosion of
Gastroduodenal A
Results in severe hemorrhage
Ilead (Meckel’s) Diverticulum
Remnant of portion of embryonic vitelline duct
Ileal Diverticulum presents as
Fingerlike pouches which project from distal ileum
Crohn’s disease most commonly affects
Distal ileum and adjacent colon
Crohn’s disease presents as
Cobblestone radiographic image
Appendicitis is the most common
Intra-abdominal contidion
Symptoms of appendicitis
Umbilical pain localized in RL quadrant
Diverticulosis
Herniation’s of mucosa of colon through muscular layer
NO inflammation
Diverticulitis
Diverticuli that are inflamed
Diverticulitis due to
Low fiber diet
Ulcerative colitis
Inflammation and ulceration of rectum and lower colon
How ulcerative colitis appears radiographically
Bowel appears constricted
Irritable bowel syndrome AKA
Spastic colon
Irritable bowel syndrome symptoms
Recurrent ab pain and diarrhea WITHOUT inflammation
Irritable bowel syndrome has no know cause but may be linked to
Stress and anxiety
Cirrhosis of the liver characterized by
Destruction of hepatic cells
In cirrhosis, liver becomes
Hard and nodule and constricts portal vein
Causes of cirrhosis
Alcoholism and hepatitis
Portal hypertension
Abnormal elevation of pressure in portal system
In portal hypertension blood backs up into
Caval system at anastomoses
Gallstones are solidified
Bile constituents (cholesterol)
Gallstones MC impacted at
Sphincter of ampulla
bile backs up into pancreas
Rupture of pancreas hammer/anvil
Steering wheel = hammer
Vertebral column = anvil
Most frequently injured organ
Spleen
Spleen is vulnerable to blows to
Left hypochondrium
Rupture results in severe
Hemorrhage and shock
Risk factors for rupture of spleen
Mono
Malria
Sickle-cell anemia
Septicemia
