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Gross II > Exam 2: Remaining Material > Flashcards

Exam 2: Remaining Material Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary and aortic valves lack

A

Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

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2
Q

Semilunar valves ______ during ventricular contraction

A

Open

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3
Q

Atrioventricular valves _____ during ventricular contraction

A

Close

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4
Q

Semilunar valves each contain

A

3 semilunar cusps

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5
Q

3 features of semilunar cusps

A

Nodules
Lunules
Pulmonary/aortic sinuses

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6
Q

Nodules

A

Central thickenings on free edge of cusp

**button on pocket

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7
Q

Lunules

A

Thin, crescentic part of cusps

**rim of pocket

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8
Q

Pulmonary/aortic sinuses

A

Spaces between cusps and walls of vessel

**inside pocket

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9
Q

Components of Fibrous skeleton of heart

A

Fibrous rings
L and R fibrous trigones
Membranous part of septal wall

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10
Q

Functions of fibrous skeleton

A

Structural framework for valves

Insulate electrical impulses

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11
Q

R and L coronary arteries arise from

A

Aorta — just superior to aortic valve

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12
Q

Blood pressure in coronary arteries is low due to

A

Position of the openings in aortic sinus

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13
Q

Right coronary artery branches

A

Sinuatrial nodal
Right marginal
Posterior interventricular

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14
Q

Coronary arteries lie deep to

A

Epicardium on surface of myocardium

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15
Q

Left coronary artery branches

A

Anterioe interventricular

Circumflex

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16
Q

Circumflex artery gives rise to

A

Left marginal artery

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17
Q

Coronary artery dominance

A

Which coronary artery gives rise to posterior interventricular artery

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18
Q

Most individuals have what side dominance

A

Right coronary dominance

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19
Q

Right coronary distribution

A 
RA
RV
Diaphragmatic surface of LV
Posterior 1/3 of IV septum
Conduction system
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20
Q

Left coronary distribution

A

LA
Most LV
Part of RV
Anterior 2/3 of IV septum

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21
Q

Anastamoses occur on heart between

A

Right coronary and circumflex

Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries

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22
Q

Largest vein of heart

A

Coronary sinus

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23
Q

Coronary sinus lies within

A

Coronary sulcus

Drains into RA

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24
Q

5 tributaries of coronary sinus

A 
Great cardiac
Middle cardiac
Small cardiac
Posterior vein of Left ventricle
Oblique vein of Left Atrium
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25
Q

Smallest veins of the heart

A

Venae cordis minimae

Run within walls of heart

26
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Deposition of lipid plaques on inner walls of arteries

27
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain upon exertion

Symptom of partial occlusion of coronary artery branches

28
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Coronary artery branch becomes completely occluded

29
Q

Most common sites for myocardial infarction

A

Anterior interventricular (MC)
Right coronary
Circumflex

30
Q

Heart has its own ________ and does not require _______ to beat rhythmically

A

Contractile mechanism; nerve supply

31
Q

Nerve supply necessary to

A

Alter rate of beating

32
Q

Sympathetic activation on heart beat

A

Increases HR and strength of contraction

Dilates coronary arteries

33
Q

Parasympathetic activation on heart beat

A

Decreases HR and strength of contraction

Constricts coronary arteries

34
Q

2 division of cardiac plexus

A

Superficial

Deep

35
Q

Superficial cardiac plexus location

A

Beneath arch of aorta, anterior to pulmonary trunk

36
Q

Deep cardiac plexus location

A

Posterior to arch of aorta

37
Q

Sympathetic innervation comes from

A

Sympathetic trunk (T1-4)

38
Q

Parasympathetic innervation comes from

A

Vagus nerve

39
Q

Conduction system of heart is NOT nerve tissue but is

A

Specialized cardiac muscle fibers

40
Q

Sinuatrial node

A

Pacemaker of the heart

41
Q

Sinuatrial node location

A

Upper end of crista terminalis

42
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

Located in septal wall, above opening for coronary sinus

43
Q

Atrioventricular bundle location

A

Within septal wall

44
Q

Atrioventricular bundle divides into:

A

Right and left bundle branches

45
Q

Right bundle branch

A

Enters septomarginal trabecula of RV

46
Q

Left bundle branch

A

Enters papillary muscles of LV

47
Q

Subendocardial plexus of conduction cells

A

Joined by branches of L and R bundle branch

48
Q

Conduction impulse pathway

A

SA node—atrial wall—AV node—AV bundle—L and R bundle branches—subendocardial plexus—myocardium

49
Q

Great vessels that exit the heart

A

Aorta

Pulmonary trunk

50
Q

Great vessels that enter the heart

A

Pulmonary veins
SVC
IVC

51
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of

A

Embryonic ductus arteriosus

52
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum connects

A

Arch of aorta to left pulmonary artery at level of sternal angle

53
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under

A

Aortic arch, posterior to ligamentum arteriosum

54
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve prone to

A

Compression in an aortic aneurysm

55
Q

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under

A

Right subclavian artery

56
Q

Thoracic duct begins in abdomen as

A

Cisterna chyli

57
Q

Cisterna chyli formed by

A

Intestinal, lumbar, and descending intercostal trunks

58
Q

Thoracic duct passes through

A

Aortic hiatus and posterior mediastinum

59
Q

Thoracic duct crosses over at

A

T5/6

60
Q

After crossing to the left is passes posteior to

A

Left subclavian vein

61
Q

Thoracic duct empties into

A

Junction of left internal jugular and subclavian veins

62
Q

Thoracic duct drains entire body except

A

Right upper extremity
Right thoracic cavity
Right side of head and neck

Gross II (29 decks)

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