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Gross II > Exam 2: Heart > Flashcards

Exam 2: Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibroserous sac

Encloses heart and great vessels

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2
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Strong, dense outer part

Continuous w/ pretracheal fascia

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3
Q

Fibrous pericardium connected to back of sternum by

A

Sternopericardial ligaments

“Cardiac seatbelt”

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4
Q

Serous pericardium layers

A

Parietal layer
Visceral layer

**pericardial cavity in between

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5
Q

Parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

Lines inner surface of fibrous pericardium

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6
Q

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

Adherent to outer surface of heart

AKA epicardium

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7
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle fibers

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8
Q

Endocardium

A

Lines inside of heart

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9
Q

Chambers

A

Atrium and ventricles

4 total

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10
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Fluid leaks into pericardial cavity

External jugular vein becomes prominent

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11
Q

Transverse pericardial sinus

A

Posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk

Anterior to SVC and left atrium

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12
Q

Oblique pericardial sinus

A

Posterior to heart

Surrounded by L and R pulmonary veins and IVC

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13
Q

Blood supply to pericardium

A

Pericardiacophrenic artery
Bronchial artery
Esophageal artery
Coronary arteries

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14
Q

Most important blood supply of pericardium

A

Pericardiacophrenic artery

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15
Q

Innervation of pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve
Sympathetic trunk
Vagus

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16
Q

Phrenic nerve passes between

A

Parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium

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17
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of pericardium

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18
Q

Pericardial friction rub

A

Auscultate while patient holds their breath

**if it stops then it is pleural friction rub

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19
Q

Heart divided by ______ into L and R halves

A

Septal wall

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20
Q

Each half consists of

A

An atrium and a ventricle

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21
Q

Blood flow through the heart

A

Vena cavae—RA—RV—pulmonary trunk—pulmonary arteries—lungs—pulmonary veins—LA—LV—aorta

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22
Q

Pulmonary arteries carry what type of blood

A

Deoxygenated

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23
Q

Pulmonary veins carry what type of blood

A

Oxygenated

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24
Q

Wall thickness of chambers

A

LV>RV>LA>RA

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25
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Obstruction of pulmonary artery by blood clot

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26
Q

Each valve of the heart contains

A

Valve orifice
Fibrous ring
Cusps

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27
Q

Pulmonary valve between

A

RV and pulmonary trunk

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28
Q

Pulmonary valve has how many cusps and what are their names

A

3

Anterior, left, right

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29
Q

Aortic valve is between

A

LV and aorta

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30
Q

Aortic valve has how many cusps and what are their names

A

3

Left, right, posterior

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31
Q

Mitral valve is between and it is AKA

A

LA and LV

Bicuspid

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32
Q

Mitral valve has how many cusps and their names

A

2

Anterior and posterior

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33
Q

Tricuspid valve is between

A

RA and RV

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34
Q

Tricuspid has how many cusps and names

A

3

Anterior, posterior and septal

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35
Q

Mitral and tricuspid valves are also called

A

Left and right atrioventricular valves

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36
Q

Lub sound produced by

A

Contraction of ventricles

Closure of tricuspid and mitral valves

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37
Q

Dup sound produced by

A

Closure of pulmonary and aortic valves

38
Q

Pulmonary valve location

A

Behind medial end of 3rd left costal cartilage

39
Q

Pulmonary valve most audible over

A

Left 2nd intercostal space

40
Q

Aortic valve location

A

Behind left half of sternum, medial to 3rd intercostal space

41
Q

Aortic valve most audible over

A

Right 2nd intercostal space

42
Q

Mitral valve location

A

Behind left half of sternum, medial to 4th costal cartilage

43
Q

Mitral valve most audible over

A

Left 5th intercostal space at midclavicular line

44
Q

Tricuspid valve location

A

Behind right half of sternum medial to the 4th intercostal space

45
Q

Tricuspid valve most audible over

A

Left 5th intercostal space at border with sternum

46
Q

We do not auscultate directly over valve because of

A
  1. Presence of bone
  2. Orientation of heart in chest
  3. Acoustics of blood flow
47
Q

Most frequently diseased valve of heart and why

A

Mitral valve—high pressure generated by LV causes microabrasions of cusps

48
Q

Second most commonly diseased valve of heart

A

Aortic

49
Q

Orientation of heart in thorax

A

Lies obliquely

Runs forward, downward and to left

50
Q

Base of heart formed by

A

Left and right atria

51
Q

Apex of heart formed by

A

Left ventricle

52
Q

Anterior surface formed by

A

RV

53
Q

Diaphragmatic surface formed by

A

R and L ventricles

54
Q

Left pulmonary surface formed by

A

LV

55
Q

Right pulmonary surface formed by

A

RA

56
Q

Crista terminalis

A

Muscular ridge, marks termination of pectinate muscles

Separates right atrium proper from sinus of venae cavae

57
Q

Sinus of venae cavae

A

Represents embryonic sinus venosus

Openings of SVC, IVC coronary sinus and anterior veins of RV

58
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Remnant of foramen ovale — closes at birth

59
Q

Limbus fossa ovalis

A

Sharp border of fossa ovalis

60
Q

Atrial septal defect

A

Foramen ovale persists as small opening

61
Q

Probe patent foramen ovale

A

When the atrial septal defect is small

62
Q

Clinical atrial septal defect

A

When atrial septal defect is larger

63
Q

In atrial septal defect blood shunted from LA to RA causing dilation of

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk

64
Q

Openings INTO right atrium

A

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus, anterior veins of RV

65
Q

Opening OUT of right atrium

A

RV (tricuspid valve)

66
Q

Tracebulae carnae locations

A

In the ventricles

67
Q

Trabeculae carnae

A

Muscular ridges in ventricular wall

68
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Cone-shaped muscles originating from ventricular wall

69
Q

Papillary muscles in right ventricle

A

Anterior
Posterior
Septal

70
Q

Chordae tendineae of right ventricle

A

Attach papillary muscles to cusps of tricuspid valve

71
Q

Conus ateriosus

A

Upper portion of RV, ends in pulmonary trunk

72
Q

Supraventricular crest

A

Thick, muscular ridge

Separates conus arteriosus from rest of RV

73
Q

Septomarginal trabecula AKA

A

Moderator band

74
Q

Septomarginal trabecula transmits

A

Right bundle branch of conduction system

75
Q

Openings INTO right ventricle

A

Right atrium (tricuspid)

76
Q

Opening OUT of right ventricle

A

Pulmonary trunk (pulmonary valve)

77
Q

Pectinate muscles in left atrium

A

Found in auricle

78
Q

Opening INTO left atrium

A

Pulmonary veins (4)

79
Q

Opening OUT of left atrium

A

Left ventricle (mitral)

80
Q

Trabeculae carneae in left ventricle

A

Finer and more numerous than RV

81
Q

Papillary muscles in left ventricle

A

2— anterior and posterior

82
Q

Chordae tendineae of left ventricle

A

Attach papillary muscles to mitral valve

83
Q

Aortic vestibule

A

Below cusps of aortic valve

Smooth-walled

84
Q

Opening INTO left ventricle

A

Left atrium (mitral)

85
Q

Opening OUT of left ventricle

A

Aorta (aortic valve)

86
Q

Interatrial septum

A

Between two atria

87
Q

Atrioventricular septum

A

Above septal cusp of tricuspid and below anterior cusp of mitral

88
Q

Membranous interventricular septum

A

Thin, smooth, fibrous

Between ventricles

89
Q

Muscular interventricular septum

A

Very thick

90
Q

Membranous parts of septal wall

A

Interatrial septum
Atrioventricular septum
Membranous interventricular septum

Gross II (29 decks)

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