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Gross II > Exam 4: Pelvis And Rectum > Flashcards

Exam 4: Pelvis And Rectum Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal aorta bifurcates into

A

L and R common iliac arteries

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2
Q

Branches of external iliac artery

A

Deep circumflex iliac

Inferior epigastric

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3
Q

External iliac A continues as

A

Femoral artery

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4
Q

Internal iliac artery is crossed by

A

Ureter at pelvic brim

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5
Q

Branches of posterior trunk in internal ilial A

A

Iliolumbar A
Lateral sacral A
Superior gluteal A

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6
Q

Inferior gluteal A is branch of what trunk of internal iliac A

A

Anterior trunk

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7
Q

Internal pudendal A is branch of what trunk of internal iliacA

A

Anterior trunk

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8
Q

Umbilical A gives off what arteries

A

Superior vesical arteries

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9
Q

Distal portion of umbilical A is

A

Obliterated

Continues forward as medial umbilical lig

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10
Q

Uterine artery is homologous to

A

Artery of ductus deferens

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11
Q

Internal iliac A is the major blood supplier to pelvis

A

NOT the only

Gonadal, superior rectal and medial sacral A

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12
Q

Most pelvic structures drain into

A

Caval system

Rectum and anal canal have some portal drainage

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13
Q

L and R common iliac V unite to form

A

Inferior vena cava

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14
Q

Sacral plexus formed by

A

Lumbosacral trunk

Anterior primary rami of S1-4

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15
Q

Superior gluteal N exits pelvis through

A

Greater sciatic foramen

SUPERIOR to piriformis

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16
Q

Superior gluteal N supplies

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

Tensor fascia latae

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17
Q

Inferior gluteal N exits pelvis through

A

Greater sciatic foramen

Inferior to piriformis

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18
Q

Inferior gluteal N supplies

A

Gluteus maximus

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19
Q

What nerve functions in trunk control and standing from seated position

A

Inferior gluteal N

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20
Q

Largest N in body

A

Sciatic N

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21
Q

N to obturator internus muscle supplies

A

Obturator internus and superior gemellus

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22
Q

N to quadratus femoris muscle supplies

A

Quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles

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23
Q

Posterior cutaneous N of thigh supplies

A

Sensory to part of gluteal region and perineum

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24
Q

Compromise of N to piriformis muscle results in

A

Piriformis syndrome

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25
Q

Compromise of N to levator ani and coccygeus muscles causes

A

Problems in pelvic floor integrity, parturition, incontinence

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26
Q

Compromise in N to external anal sphincter causes

A

Fecal incontinence

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27
Q

Compromise of pudendal N causes

A

Sexual dysfunction

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28
Q

Coccygeal plexus formed by

A

Ventral rami of S4 and S5 and coccygeal N

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29
Q

L and R sympathetic trunks join together to form

A

Ganglion impar

In front of coccyx

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30
Q

Superior hypogastric plexus contains what fibers type

A

Sympathetic fibers

Visceral afferent

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31
Q

L and R hypogastric nerves

A

Connect superior and inferior hypogastric plexus

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32
Q

L and R inferior hypogastric plexuses formed by union of

A

Hypogastric
Pelvic splanchnic
Sacral splanchnic

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33
Q

Inferior hypogastric plexuses contain

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Visceral afferent

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34
Q

Sacral splanchnic N are

A

Sympathetic

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35
Q

Pelvic splanchnic N are

A

Parasympathetic

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36
Q

Rectosigmoid junction

A

Upper limit of rectum

Middle of sacrum

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37
Q

Anorectal junction

A

Lower limit of rectum

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38
Q

Rectum has no ____ but does have ____

A

Mesentery
Omental appendices
Haustra

Taeniae coli

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39
Q

Peritoneum of Upper third of rectum

A

Peritoneum covers front and sides

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40
Q

Peritoneum in middle third of rectum covers

A

Front

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41
Q

Peritoneum covering in lower third of rectum

A

NONE

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42
Q

Anal canal is portion of LI between

A

Pelvic diaphragm and anus

43
Q

Anal columns

A

5-10 longitudinal folds of mucosa in upper half of anal canal

44
Q

Each anal column contains branches of

A

Superior rectal A and V

45
Q

Anal valves

A

Crescent-shaped folds that connect lower ends of anal columns

46
Q

Anal sinuses

A

Recesses located between anal valves

47
Q

Pectinate line

A

Lower limit of anal valves

48
Q

Anal pectem

A

Bluish white zone inferior to pectinate line

49
Q

Anocutaneous line

A

Distal termination where it meets the skin

50
Q

Internal anal sphincter

A

Smooth muscle layer

INVOLUNTARY CONTROL

51
Q

External anal sphincter

A

Skeletal muscle layer

VOLUNTARY CONTROL

52
Q

External anal sphincter parts

A

Subcutaneous
Superficial
Deep

53
Q

Function of external anal sphincter

A

Closes anal orifice

**Voluntary

54
Q

Internal hemorrhoids

A

Varicosities of superior rectal vein
Bulging of anal columns
Above pec line
Painless

55
Q

External hemorrhoids

A

Varicosities of inferior rectal vein
Below pectinate line
Painful

56
Q

Causes of hemorrhoids

A

Anything that increases intra-abdominal pressure

57
Q

High risk group for hemorrhoids

A

Long distance truck drivers

58
Q

Where does fecal material accumulate

A

Sigmoid colon

NOT rectum

59
Q

Sigmoid colon empties contents into ____ through ____

A

Rectum

Mass peristaltic movement

60
Q

What muscles contract to increase pressure within rectum

A

Longitudinal muscle layer of rectum and ant abd wall

61
Q

What happens when Puborectalis relaxes

A

Decreasing angle of perineal flexure

62
Q

Internal anal sphincter is opened by

A

Increase in pressure

63
Q

External anal sphincter is relaxes under

A

Voluntary control

64
Q

Urinary bladder located below

A

Peritoneum

65
Q

Urinary bladder is slightly lower in

66
Q

Size, shape and position of bladder vary depending on

A

Age and amount of urine

67
Q

When empty bladder is entirely within

A

Pelvis

Rests against pubic and pelvic floor

68
Q

As bladder fills, it rises into

A

Abdomen

As high as umbilicus

69
Q

At birth bladder is _____shaped

70
Q

Superior and 2 inferolateral surfaces meet in front to form

A

Apex of bladder

71
Q

Inferolateral surfaces and fundus meet below to form

A

Neck of bladder

72
Q

In female ____ overlies the bladder

A

Body of uterus

73
Q

Retropubic space

A

U-shaped; between pubis and bladder

74
Q

Retropubic space contains

A

Retropubic fat pad

75
Q

Cushioning of retropubic fat pad insufficient in runners may result in

A

Blood in urine after long run

76
Q

Ligaments that hold bladder in place

A

Puboprostatic

Lateral lig of bladder

77
Q

Trigone of bladder

A

Smooth triangular structure

78
Q

Openings of trigone

A

Internal urethral orifice
* below and in front
Two ureteric orifices
* above and behind

79
Q

The trigone forms flap valve, ureter is compressed when

A

Bladder is full and during micturition

80
Q

Function of flap valve

A

During micturition prevents reflux of urine to kidney

81
Q

Interureteric crest

A

Between each of ureteric orifices

82
Q

Uvula of bladder

A

Median ridge extends above and behind internal urethral orifice

83
Q

Detrusor muscle

A

Bundles of smooth within wall of bladder

84
Q

Internal urethral sphincter

A

Circular layer of smooth muscle around neck of bladder

MALES ONLY

85
Q

Internal urethral sphincter prevents

A

Reflux of semen into bladder

86
Q

Veins of bladder empty into

A

Internal iliac vein

87
Q

Innervation of bladder

A

Prostatic and vesical plexuses

88
Q

What initiates micturition reflex

A

Bladder fullness

89
Q

Activation of PS fibers causes

A

Contraction of detrusor

Relaxation of internal urethral sphincter (males)

90
Q

External urethral sphincter is relaxes under

A

Voluntary control

91
Q

Sacral misalignment affects

A

Voluntary control and causes nocturnal enuresis

92
Q

Ductus deferens begins at ____ and travels within ___

A

Tail of epididymis; spermatic cord

93
Q

Ductus deferens carries

A

Sperm

From testis to ejaculatory duct

94
Q

Ductus deferens crosses over ____ and descends _____

A

Ureter; posterior to bladder

95
Q

Ductus deferens joins _____ to form _____

A

Duct of seminal vesicle; ejaculatory duct

96
Q

Vasectomy

A

MC technique for male sterilization

97
Q

Seminal vesicles are

A

Lobulated glandular structures

98
Q

Seminal vesicles lie _____

A

Lateral to ampullae of ductus deferens

Against fundus of bladder

99
Q

Seminal vesicles function

A

Produce alkaline component of semen

100
Q

Alkaline component of semen function

A

Neutralize vaginal acidity

101
Q

Do seminal vesicles store sperm

102
Q

Ejaculatory duct formed by

A

Union of ductus deferens w/ duct of seminal vesicle

103
Q

Ejaculatory ducts open onto

A

Seminal colliculus

104
Q

Most important blood supply for male reproductive organ

A

Inferior vesical artery

Gross II (29 decks)

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