Exam 3 Questions

Question 1

Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most likely be indicated by ________.

Answer 1

Polyuria

Question 2

The color of urine is determined mainly by ________.

Answer 2

Byproducts of red blood cell breakdown

Question 3

Production of less than 50 mL/day of urine is called ________.

Answer 3

Anuria

Question 4

Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________.

Answer 4

Ureters

Question 5

Somatic motor neurons must be ________ to relax the external urethral sphincter to allow urination.

Answer 5

Inhibited

Question 6

Which part of the urinary system is not completely retroperitoneal?

Answer 6

Bladder

Question 7

The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called ________.

Answer 7

Renal columns

Question 8

The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________.

Answer 8

Loop of Henle

Question 9

The right kidney is slightly lower because ________.

Answer 9

Displaced by liver

Question 10

Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the ________.

Answer 10

Bowman’s capsule

Question 11

What are the names of the capillaries following the efferent arteriole?

Answer 11

Peritubular and vasa recta

Question 12

The functional unit of the kidney is called ________.

Answer 12

Nephron

Question 13

________ pressure must be greater on the capillary side of the filtration membrane to achieve filtration.

Answer 13

Hydrostatic

Question 14

Production of urine to modify plasma makeup is the result of ________.

Answer 14

Filtration, absorption, secretion

Question 15

True or false: Systemic blood pressure must stay above 60 so that the proper amount of filtration occurs.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

True or false: Aquaporin channels are only found in the collecting duct.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part of the nephron.

Answer 17

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 18

The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal occurs in ________.

Answer 18

Collecting ducts

Question 19

Vasodilation of blood vessels to the kidneys is due to ________.

Answer 19

Less action potentials

Question 20

When blood pressure increases, blood vessels supplying the kidney will ________ to mount a steady rate of filtration.

Answer 20

Contract

Question 21

Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause vasodilation?

Answer 21

Nitric oxide

Question 22

What hormone directly opposes the actions of natriuretic hormones?

Answer 22

Aldosterone

Question 23

What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial natriuretic hormone?

Answer 23

Increased blood pressure

Question 24

Progesterone can bind to receptors for which hormone that, when released, activates water retention?

Answer 24

Aldosterone

Question 25

Renin is released in response to ________.

Answer 25

Decreased blood pressure

Question 26

Which step in vitamin D production does the kidney perform?

Answer 26

Convert calcidiol to calcitriol

Question 27

If there were no aquaporin channels in the collecting duct, ________.

Answer 27

Severe dehydration

Question 28

Solute contributes to the movement of water between cells and the surrounding medium by ________.

Answer 28

Osmotic pressure

Question 29

The major cation in intracellular fluid is ________.

Answer 29

Potassium

Question 30

The major anion in extracellular fluid is ________.

Answer 30

Chloride

Question 31

The ion with the lowest blood level is ________.

Answer 31

Potassium