Chapter 26 (Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance)

Question 1

Why are the ECF-plasma and interstitial fluid (IF) more similar to each other than either is to the ICF?

Answer 1

Both have high concentrations of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate and proteins

Question 2

What is the ICF composed of?

Answer 2

Potassium, phosphate, magnesium, protein

Question 3

What is the ECF composed of?

Answer 3

Sodium, chloride

Question 4

fluid exterior to cells; includes the interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluids found in other reservoirs in the body

Answer 4

ECF

Question 5

fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels

Answer 5

IF

Question 6

fluid in the cytosol of cells

Answer 6

ICF

Question 7

pressure exerted by a fluid against a wall, caused by its own weight or pumping force

Answer 7

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 8

the pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis

Answer 8

Osmotic pressure

Question 9

ratio of solutes to a volume of solvent in the plasma; plasma osmolality reflects a person’s state of hydration

Answer 9

Plasma osmolality

Question 10

Where are osmoreceptors located?

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

Where is ADH released from?

Answer 11

Posterior pituitary

Question 12

Where does the human body obtain water when experiencing dehydration?

Answer 12

Absorbs water in kidneys from urine

Question 13

Excess accumulation of water in tissues caused by leakage of water from blood capillaries

Answer 13

Edema

Question 14

excess fluid in the air sacs of the lungs

Answer 14

Pulmonary edema

Question 15

What are the 6 ions important for physiological functions of the body?

Answer 15

sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, and phosphate.

Question 16

What are the 6 roles of electrolytes?

Answer 16

aid in nerve excitability, endocrine secretion, membrane permeability, buffering body fluids, and controlling the movement of fluids between compartments

Question 17

Low sodium blood levels

Answer 17

Hyponatremia

Question 18

Low potassium blood levels

Answer 18

Hypoalkemia

Question 19

Low chloride blood levels

Answer 19

Hypochloremia

Question 20

Low calcium blood levels

Answer 20

Hypocalcemia

Question 21

Low phosphate blood levels

Answer 21

Hypophosphatemia

Question 22

Hormone that increases the excretion of potassium and the reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubule; increases water absorption in body

Answer 22

Aldosterone

Question 23

causes vasoconstriction and an increase in systemic blood pressure

Answer 23

Angiotensin II

Question 24

a chemical system that prevents a radical change in fluid pH by dampening the change in hydrogen ion concentrations in the case of excess acid or base

Answer 24

Buffers