Chapter 26 (Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance) Flashcards
Why are the ECF-plasma and interstitial fluid (IF) more similar to each other than either is to the ICF?
Both have high concentrations of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate and proteins
What is the ICF composed of?
Potassium, phosphate, magnesium, protein
What is the ECF composed of?
Sodium, chloride
fluid exterior to cells; includes the interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluids found in other reservoirs in the body
ECF
fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels
IF
fluid in the cytosol of cells
ICF
pressure exerted by a fluid against a wall, caused by its own weight or pumping force
Hydrostatic pressure
the pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis
Osmotic pressure
ratio of solutes to a volume of solvent in the plasma; plasma osmolality reflects a person’s state of hydration
Plasma osmolality
Where are osmoreceptors located?
Hypothalamus
Where is ADH released from?
Posterior pituitary
Where does the human body obtain water when experiencing dehydration?
Absorbs water in kidneys from urine
Excess accumulation of water in tissues caused by leakage of water from blood capillaries
Edema
excess fluid in the air sacs of the lungs
Pulmonary edema
What are the 6 ions important for physiological functions of the body?
sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, and phosphate.
What are the 6 roles of electrolytes?
aid in nerve excitability, endocrine secretion, membrane permeability, buffering body fluids, and controlling the movement of fluids between compartments
Low sodium blood levels
Hyponatremia
Low potassium blood levels
Hypoalkemia
Low chloride blood levels
Hypochloremia
Low calcium blood levels
Hypocalcemia
Low phosphate blood levels
Hypophosphatemia
Hormone that increases the excretion of potassium and the reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubule; increases water absorption in body
Aldosterone
causes vasoconstriction and an increase in systemic blood pressure
Angiotensin II
a chemical system that prevents a radical change in fluid pH by dampening the change in hydrogen ion concentrations in the case of excess acid or base
Buffers
