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BI 122 > Chapter 23 (Digestive System) > Flashcards

Chapter 23 (Digestive System) Flashcards

1
Q

Functions to nourish the body; includes pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestines

A

Alimentary canal (GI tract)

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2
Q

Organs that aid in the breakdown of food

A

Accessory organs

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3
Q

What are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal?

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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4
Q

Layer of the alimentary canal that is known as the mucous layer; contains epithelium, the lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa

A

Mucosa

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5
Q

Layer of the alimentary canal that connects the overlying mucosa to the underlying muscularis. It includes blood and lymphatic vessels (which transport absorbed nutrients), and a scattering of submucosal glands that release digestive secretions

A

Submucosa

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6
Q

Layer of the alimentary canal that promote mechanical digestion, expose more of the food to digestive chemicals, and move the food along the canal

A

Muscularis

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7
Q

Layer of the alimentary canal present in the the abdominal cavity; serve to hold the alimentary canal in place near the ventral surface of the vertebral column

A

Serosa

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8
Q

Explain how the peritoneum anchors the digestive organs to the body’s coelom.

A

Includes multiple folds that envelope various abdominal organs

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9
Q

System that Blood supplies digestive organs with oxygen and processed nutrients

A

Cardiovascular

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10
Q

System that has hormones to help regulate secretion in digestive glands and accessory organs

A

Endocrine

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11
Q

Skin helps protect digestive organs and synthesizes vitamin D for calcium absorption

A

Integumentary

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12
Q

System that has mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and other lymphatic tissue defend against entry of pathogens; lacteals absorb lipids; and lymphatic vessels transport lipids to bloodstream

A

Lymphatic

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13
Q

Skeletal muscles support and protect abdominal organs

A

Muscular

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14
Q

Sensory and motor neurons help regulate secretions and muscle contractions in the digestive tract

A

Nervous

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15
Q

provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory

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16
Q

Bones help protect and support digestive organs

A

Skeletal

17
Q

Kidneys convert vitamin D into its active form, allowing calcium absorption in the small intestine

A

Urinary

18
Q

Apron-like structure that lies superficial to the small intestine and transverse colon; a site of fat deposition in people who are overweight

A

Greater omentum

19
Q

Anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and inferior border of the diaphragm

A

Falciform ligament

20
Q

Suspends the stomach from the inferior border of the liver; provides a pathway for structures connecting to the liver

A

Lesser omentum

21
Q

Vertical band of tissue anterior to the lumbar vertebrae and anchoring all of the small intestine except the initial portion (the duodenum)

A

Mesentary

22
Q

Attaches two portions of the large intestine (the transverse and sigmoid colon) to the posterior abdominal wall

A

Mesocolon

23
Q

Why is peritonitis lethal?

A

It can affect peristalsis of nutrients. Body may not be able to absorb nutrients needed to survive

24
Q

taking food into the GI tract through the mouth

A

Ingestion

25
Q

voluntary process of swallowing and the involuntary process of peristalsis that moves food through the digestive tract

A

Propulsion

26
Q

chewing, mixing, and segmentation that prepares food for chemical digestion

A

Mechanical digestion

27
Q

enzymatic breakdown of food

A

Chemical digestion

28
Q

passage of digested products from the intestinal lumen through mucosal cells and into the bloodstream or lacteals

A

Absorption

29
Q

elimination of undigested substances from the body in the form of feces

A

Defecation

30
Q

Process of chewing

A

Mastication

31
Q

muscular contractions and relaxations that propel food through the GI tract

A

Peristalsis

32
Q

alternating contractions and relaxations of non-adjacent segments of the intestine that move food forward and backward, breaking it apart and mixing it with digestive juices

A

Segmentation

33
Q

Organ that ingests food, mixes food, beginning of chemical breakdown of carbohydrate and lipids

A

Mouth

34
Q

Organ that mixes and churns food with gastric juices, beginning of breakdown of proteins, absorbs some fat soluble molecules

A

Stomach

35
Q

Organ that propels food at a slow rate for absorption, absorbs breakdown products, physical digestion

A

Small intestine

36
Q

Organ that absorbs most residual water, electrolytes and bacteria, breaks down food residues, makes feces

A

Large intestine

BI 122 (26 decks)

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