Chapter 21 Part 2

Question 1

Most basic immune response to get rid of pathogens during the first response

Answer 1

Innate immune response

Question 2

A phagocyte is a cell that is able to surround and engulf a particle or cell

Answer 2

Phagocytosis

Question 3

What are the characteristics of inflammation?

Answer 3

heat, redness, pain, and swelling (“loss of function” is sometimes mentioned as a fifth characteristic)

Question 4

What happens during tissue injury?

Answer 4

released contents of injured cells stimulate the release of mast cell granules and their potent inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins

Question 5

increases the diameter of local blood vessels (vasodilation), causing an increase in blood flow; also increases the permeability of local capillaries

Answer 5

Histamine

Question 6

causes increased blood flow and is responsible for the heat and redness of inflamed tissue. It allows greater access of the blood to the site of inflammation.

Answer 6

Vasodilation

Question 7

causing leakage of fluid into the interstitial space, resulting in the swelling, or edema, associated with inflammation

Answer 7

Increased vascular permeability

Question 8

failure of the immune system to protect the body adequately from infection, due to the absence or insufficiency of some component process or substance.

Answer 8

Immunodeficiency

Question 9

not constitutively present in the body, but are made as they are needed early during the innate immune response; brings the phagocyte and bacterium into close proximity and enhances the phagocytosis of the bacterium

Answer 9

Early induced immune response

Question 10

gene cluster whose proteins present antigens to T cells

Answer 10

Major histocompatibility complex