Chapter 22 (Respiratory System) Flashcards
What are the major functions of the respiratory system?
provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration, remove the waste product carbon dioxide, and help to maintain acid-base balance
provide a route for incoming and outgoing air, remove debris and pathogens from the incoming air, and warm and humidify the incoming air
Conducting zone
Final electron acceptor
Oxygen
serve to warm and humidify incoming air
Paranasal sinuses
includes structures of the respiratory system that are directly involved in gas exchange
Respiratory zone
region of the conducting zone that forms a tube of skeletal muscle lined with respiratory epithelium; located between the nasal conchae and the esophagus and trachea
Pharynx
cartilaginous structure that produces the voice, prevents food and beverages from entering the trachea, and regulates the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs
Larynx
tube composed of cartilaginous rings and supporting tissue that connects the lung bronchi and the larynx; provides a route for air to enter and exit the lung
Trachea
tube connected to the trachea that branches into many subsidiaries and provides a passageway for air to enter and leave the lungs
Bronchus
small, grape-like sac that performs gas exchange in the lungs
Alveolus
portion of the pharynx bordered by the oropharynx superiorly and esophagus and trachea inferiorly; serves as a route for both air and food
Laryngopharynx
portion of the pharynx flanked by the conchae and oropharynx that serves as an airway
Nasopharynx
portion of the pharynx flanked by the nasopharynx, oral cavity, and laryngopharynx that is a passageway for both air and food
Oropharynx
Organ that perform the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with air from the atmosphere
Lungs
Why does the right lung have 3 lobes?
Doesn’t have to make much room for the heart
one of the pair of folded, white membranes that have a free inner edge that oscillates as air passes through to produce sound
True vocal fold
part of the folded region of the glottis composed of mucous membrane; supports the epiglottis during swallowing
Vestibular fold
Helps keep the respiratory tract open, connection of muscles related to speech and swallowing
Hyoid bone
portion of the larynx composed of a ring of cartilage with a wide posterior region and a thinner anterior region; attached to the esophagus
Cricoid cartilage
largest piece of cartilage that makes up the larynx and consists of two lamina
Thyroid cartilage
Epithelium that helps with trapping debris and pathogens in respiratory tract
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
help remove the mucus and debris from the nasal cavity with a constant beating motion, sweeping materials towards the throat to be swallowed
Cilia
small tube that leads from the terminal bronchiole to the respiratory bronchiole and is the point of attachment for alveoli
Alveolar duct
specific type of bronchiole that leads to alveolar sacs
Respiratory bronchiole
Branched bronchioles which lead to the structures of gas exchange
Terminal bronchiole
substance composed of phospholipids and proteins that reduces the surface tension of the alveoli
Pulmonary surfactant
What happens during inhalation?
thoracic cavity expands, external intercostals contract, diaphragm contracts
What happens during exhalation?
thoracic cavity reduces, external intercostals relax, diaphragm relaxes
exchange of gases between the lungs and the atmosphere; breathing
Pulmonary ventilation
flow of blood in the pulmonary capillaries
Perfusion
Where is the secondary respiratory group located?
Pontine respiratory group
region of the medulla oblongata that stimulates the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to induce inspiration
Dorsal respiratory group
region of the medulla oblongata that stimulates the contraction of the accessory muscles involved in respiration to induce forced inspiration and expiration
Ventral respiratory group
