Chapter 22 (Respiratory System)

Question 1

What are the major functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration, remove the waste product carbon dioxide, and help to maintain acid-base balance

Question 2

provide a route for incoming and outgoing air, remove debris and pathogens from the incoming air, and warm and humidify the incoming air

Answer 2

Conducting zone

Question 3

Final electron acceptor

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

serve to warm and humidify incoming air

Answer 4

Paranasal sinuses

Question 5

includes structures of the respiratory system that are directly involved in gas exchange

Answer 5

Respiratory zone

Question 6

region of the conducting zone that forms a tube of skeletal muscle lined with respiratory epithelium; located between the nasal conchae and the esophagus and trachea

Answer 6

Pharynx

Question 7

cartilaginous structure that produces the voice, prevents food and beverages from entering the trachea, and regulates the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs

Answer 7

Larynx

Question 8

tube composed of cartilaginous rings and supporting tissue that connects the lung bronchi and the larynx; provides a route for air to enter and exit the lung

Answer 8

Trachea

Question 9

tube connected to the trachea that branches into many subsidiaries and provides a passageway for air to enter and leave the lungs

Answer 9

Bronchus

Question 10

small, grape-like sac that performs gas exchange in the lungs

Answer 10

Alveolus

Question 11

portion of the pharynx bordered by the oropharynx superiorly and esophagus and trachea inferiorly; serves as a route for both air and food

Answer 11

Laryngopharynx

Question 12

portion of the pharynx flanked by the conchae and oropharynx that serves as an airway

Answer 12

Nasopharynx

Question 13

portion of the pharynx flanked by the nasopharynx, oral cavity, and laryngopharynx that is a passageway for both air and food

Answer 13

Oropharynx

Question 14

Organ that perform the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with air from the atmosphere

Answer 14

Lungs

Question 15

Why does the right lung have 3 lobes?

Answer 15

Doesn’t have to make much room for the heart

Question 16

one of the pair of folded, white membranes that have a free inner edge that oscillates as air passes through to produce sound

Answer 16

True vocal fold

Question 17

part of the folded region of the glottis composed of mucous membrane; supports the epiglottis during swallowing

Answer 17

Vestibular fold

Question 18

Helps keep the respiratory tract open, connection of muscles related to speech and swallowing

Answer 18

Hyoid bone

Question 19

portion of the larynx composed of a ring of cartilage with a wide posterior region and a thinner anterior region; attached to the esophagus

Answer 19

Cricoid cartilage

Question 20

largest piece of cartilage that makes up the larynx and consists of two lamina

Answer 20

Thyroid cartilage

Question 21

Epithelium that helps with trapping debris and pathogens in respiratory tract

Answer 21

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 22

help remove the mucus and debris from the nasal cavity with a constant beating motion, sweeping materials towards the throat to be swallowed

Answer 22

Cilia

Question 23

small tube that leads from the terminal bronchiole to the respiratory bronchiole and is the point of attachment for alveoli

Answer 23

Alveolar duct

Question 24

specific type of bronchiole that leads to alveolar sacs

Answer 24

Respiratory bronchiole

Question 25

Branched bronchioles which lead to the structures of gas exchange

Answer 25

Terminal bronchiole

Question 26

substance composed of phospholipids and proteins that reduces the surface tension of the alveoli

Answer 26

Pulmonary surfactant

Question 27

What happens during inhalation?

Answer 27

thoracic cavity expands, external intercostals contract, diaphragm contracts

Question 28

What happens during exhalation?

Answer 28

thoracic cavity reduces, external intercostals relax, diaphragm relaxes

Question 29

exchange of gases between the lungs and the atmosphere; breathing

Answer 29

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 30

flow of blood in the pulmonary capillaries

Answer 30

Perfusion

Question 31

Where is the secondary respiratory group located?

Answer 31

Pontine respiratory group

Question 32

region of the medulla oblongata that stimulates the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to induce inspiration

Answer 32

Dorsal respiratory group

Question 33

region of the medulla oblongata that stimulates the contraction of the accessory muscles involved in respiration to induce forced inspiration and expiration

Answer 33

Ventral respiratory group