Chapter 20 Part 2

Question 1

stiffening or hardening of the artery walls

Answer 1

arteriosclerosis

Question 2

Narrowing of the artery because of plaque build-up

Answer 2

atherosclerosis

Question 3

What happens to the velocity of blood flow as it goes through the arteries to the vena cava?

Answer 3

Slows down

Question 4

What happens to the cross sectional area as it goes through the arteries to the vena cava?

Answer 4

increase then decrease

Question 5

What happens to the vessel diameter as it goes through arteries to the vena cava?

Answer 5

Decrease then increase

Question 6

What happens to the average blood pressure as it goes through arteries to the vena cava?

Answer 6

decreases

Question 7

pressure exerted by colloids suspended in blood within a vessel; a primary determinant is the presence of plasma proteins

Answer 7

Blood colloidal osmotic pressure (BCOP)

Question 8

pressure exerted by the colloids within the interstitial fluid

Answer 8

Interstitial fluid colloidal osmotic pressure (IFCOP)

Question 9

What are the 3 mechanisms involved in neural regulation of vascular homeostasis

Answer 9

Cardioaccelerator center, cardioinhibitor center, vasomotor center

Question 10

stimulate cardiac function by regulating heart rate and stroke volume via sympathetic stimulation

Answer 10

Cardioaccelerator center

Question 11

slow cardiac function by decreasing heart rate and stroke volume via parasympathetic stimulation from the vagus nerve.

Answer 11

Cardioinhibitor center

Question 12

control vessel tone or contraction of the smooth muscle in the tunica media. Changes in diameter affect peripheral resistance, pressure, and flow, which affect cardiac output

Answer 12

Vasomotor center

Question 13

specialized stretch receptors located within thin areas of blood vessels and heart chambers that respond to the degree of stretch caused by the presence of blood

Answer 13

Baroreceptor reflex

Question 14

chemoreceptors respond to increasing carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion levels (falling pH) by stimulating the cardioaccelerator and vasomotor centers, increasing cardiac output and constricting peripheral vessels

Answer 14

Chemoreceptor reflex

Question 15

Can cause heart attack, stroke, or aneurism caused by persistent blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or above

Answer 15

Hypertension

Question 16

loss of blood that cannot be controlled by hemostatic mechanisms

Answer 16

Hemorrhage

Question 17

circulatory system is unable to maintain blood flow to adequately supply sufficient oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues to maintain cellular metabolism

Answer 17

Circulatory shock

Question 18

pair of vessels that runs within the umbilical cord and carries fetal blood low in oxygen and high in waste to the placenta for exchange with maternal blood

Answer 18

Umbilical artery

Question 19

single vessel that originates in the placenta and runs within the umbilical cord, carrying oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood to the fetal heart

Answer 19

Umbilical vein

Question 20

shunt that causes oxygenated blood to bypass the fetal liver on its way to the inferior vena cava

Answer 20

Ductus venosus

Question 21

shunt that directly connects the right and left atria and helps to divert oxygenated blood from the fetal pulmonary circuit

Answer 21

Foramen ovale

Question 22

shunt in the fetal pulmonary trunk that diverts oxygenated blood back to the aorta

Answer 22

Ductus arteriosus