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BI 122 > Chapter 22 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some factors that affect the rate and depth of respiration?

A

Concentration of carbon dioxide in blood, systemic arterial concentration of hydrogen ions, blood levels of oxygen

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2
Q

a specific gas type in a mixture exerts its own pressure, as if that specific gas type was not part of a mixture of gases

A

Dalton’s Law

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3
Q

statement of the principle that the concentration of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the solubility and partial pressure of that gas

A

Henry’s Law

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4
Q

gas exchange that occurs at the level of body tissues

A

Internal respiration

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5
Q

What happens to oxygen during internal gas exchange?

A

Oxygen dissociates out of hemoglobin and enters tissues

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6
Q

What happen to carbon dioxide during internal gas exchange?

A

Diffuses out of tissue and enters blood

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7
Q

Which respiratory tract (upper or lower) cleans the air as it enters the body?

A

Upper

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8
Q

Which respiratory tract (upper or lower) is in charge of gas exchange?

A

Lower

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9
Q

Process of gas exchange

A

Respiration

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10
Q

How is oxygen transported throughout the body?

A

as oxygen diffuses across the respiratory membrane from alveolus to capillary, it also gets bound to hemoglobin

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11
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms that transport carbon dioxide throughout the body?

A

Dissolved in plasma, transportation in the form of bicarbonate ions, bind to hemoglobin

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12
Q

bound form of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

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13
Q

amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal exhalation

A

ERV

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14
Q

amount of air that enters the lungs due to deep inhalation past the tidal volume

A

IRV

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15
Q

amount of air that normally enters the lungs during quiet breathing

A

TV

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16
Q

sum of TV, ERV, and IRV, which is all the volumes that participate in gas exchange

A

VC

17
Q

amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation

A

Residual volume

18
Q

total amount of air that can be held in the lungs; sum of TV, ERV, IRV, and RV

A

TLC

19
Q

sum of the TV and IRV, which is the amount of air that can maximally be inhaled past a tidal expiration

A

Inspiratory capacity

20
Q

sum of ERV and RV, which is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a tidal expiration

A

Functional residual capacity

21
Q

What happens during weeks 4-7 of embryonic development of the respiratory system?

A

Ectodermal tissue from the anterior head region invaginates to form olfactory pits, which fuse with endodermal tissue of the developing pharynx

22
Q

What happens during weeks 7-16 of embryonic development of the respiratory system?

A

Bronchi and bronchioles form; fetus now has all major lung structures

23
Q

What happens during weeks 16-24 of the embryonic development of the respiratory system?

A

Extensive vascularization, formation of alveolar ducts and alveolar precursors, fetal breathing movements may begin

24
Q

What happens during week 24-term of the embryonic development of the respiratory system?

A

Growth and maturation of the respiratory system, sufficient alveolar precursors form so if the baby was born prematurely it can breath on its own

25
Q

structure in the developing embryo that forms when the laryngotracheal bud extends and branches to form two bulbous structures

A

Bronchial bud

26
Q

endoderm of the embryo towards the head region

A

Foregut

27
Q

bud forms from the lung bud, has a tracheal end and bulbous bronchial buds at the distal end

A

laryngotracheal bud

28
Q

median dome that forms from the endoderm of the foregut

A

Lung bud

29
Q

invaginated ectodermal tissue in the anterior portion of the head region of an embryo that will form the nasal cavity

A

Olfactory pit

30
Q

muscle contractions that cause the inhalation of amniotic fluid and exhalation of the same fluid, with pulmonary surfactant and mucus

A

Fetal breathing

31
Q

What happens to the respiratory system of the fetus as it is born?

A

As the baby is pushed through the canal, all of the amniotic fluid, surfactant, and mucus is expelled from the lungs

32
Q

Do fetal lungs function during embryogenesis?

A

No; dependent on mother’s oxygen

BI 122 (26 decks)

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