Chapter 24 (Metabolism and Nutrition)

Question 1

reactions that build smaller molecules into larger molecules

Answer 1

Anabolic

Question 2

reactions that break down larger molecules into their constituent parts

Answer 2

Catabolic

Question 3

sum of all catabolic and anabolic reactions that take place in the body

Answer 3

Metabolism

Question 4

pair of reactions in which an electron is passed from one molecule to another, oxidizing one and reducing the other

Answer 4

Oxidation-reduction reaction

Question 5

hormones that stimulate the synthesis of new, larger molecules

Answer 5

Anabolic hormones

Question 6

hormones that stimulate the breakdown of larger molecules

Answer 6

Catabolic hormones

Question 7

What are some examples of anabolic hormones?

Answer 7

Growth hormone, insulin like growth factor, insulin, testosterone, estrogen

Question 8

What are some examples of catabolic hormones?

Answer 8

Cortisol, glucagon, adrenaline/epinephrine

Question 9

How are carbohydrates metabolized?

Answer 9

Digestion first starts with salivary amylase; once carbohydrates are broken down it goes through cellular respiration once absorbed in tissues

Question 10

Happens in the cytoplasm, glucose is broken down into two pyruvate which creates 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)

Answer 10

Glycolysis

Question 11

Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid and replaces oxygen as the final electron acceptor

Answer 11

Anaerobic respiration

Question 12

ATP production pathway in which electrons are passed through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that forms water and produces a proton gradient

Answer 12

Electron transport chain

Question 13

converts pyruvate into CO2 and high-energy FADH2, NADH, and ATP molecules

Answer 13

Krebs cycle

Question 14

process that converts high-energy NADH and FADH2 into ATP

Answer 14

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

starting molecule of the Krebs cycle

Answer 15

Acetyl CoA

Question 16

What is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 16

Oxygen

Question 17

How much ATP is made in Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 17

2

Question 18

a coenzyme that serves as an electron acceptor

Answer 18

NAD

Question 19

pass electrons through the electron transport chain in the mitochondria to generate more ATP molecules

Answer 19

NADH, FADH2

Question 20

Where does the krebs cycle and electron transport chain take place?

Answer 20

Mitochondria

Question 21

salts that are released from the liver in response to lipid ingestion and surround the insoluble triglycerides to aid in their conversion to monoglycerides and free fatty acids

Answer 21

Bile salts

Question 22

hormone that stimulates the release of pancreatic lipase and the contraction of the gallbladder to release bile salts

Answer 22

CCK

Question 23

breakdown of fatty acids into smaller chain fatty acids and acetyl CoA

Answer 23

Fatty acid oxidation

Question 24

synthesis of lipids that occurs in the liver or adipose tissues

Answer 24

Lipogenesis

Question 25

breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids

Answer 25

Lipolysis

Question 26

lipid consisting of a single fatty acid chain attached to a glycerol backbone

Answer 26

monoglyceride molecules

Question 27

enzymes released from the pancreas that digest lipids in the diet

Answer 27

Pancreatic lipase

Question 28

Monomer of proteins

Answer 28

Amino acids

Question 29

Monomers of lipids

Answer 29

Glyercol and fatty acids

Question 30

Monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 30

Nucleotides

Question 31

Monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 31

Monosaccharides

Question 32

How are proteins metabolized?

Answer 32

Digestion begins in the stomach which is mixed with pepsin and HCl which denatures proteins and makes mixture into chyme, chyme enters the intestines which absorbs the nutrients

Question 33

How are lipids metabolized?

Answer 33

Digestion occurs in intestine where triglycerides are broken down into monoglyceride molecules by pancreatic lipase and bile salts