EXAM 3 NK Cells and gamma delta T Cells Flashcards

1
Q

NK cells are derived from a common ___ precursor

A

lymphoid

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2
Q

NK cells provide the interface between what?

A

adaptive and innate immunity

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3
Q

NK cells are developmentally similar to ___ cells

A

T cells

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4
Q

NK cells have diverse ___ expression and interaction

A

receptor

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5
Q

NK cells are regulated by interactions with ___

A

MHC I molecules

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6
Q

NK cells recognize targets by their lack of ___

A

MHC I

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7
Q

can NK cells form memory cells?

A

yes

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8
Q

what determines NK cell killing?

A

positive and negative signal balance

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9
Q

describe the 3 cell states that regulate NK cell targeting

A
  1. protection - healthy cells express both stimulating and inhibitory signals
  2. missing-self - unhealthy cells reduce MHC I expression
  3. induced-self - unhealthy cells increase stress ligand expression
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10
Q

do all NK cells detect MHC I receptors or stress ligands?

A

no

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11
Q

in NK cell targeting, ___ signals must overcome ___ signals

A
  • stimulating
  • inhibitory
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12
Q

NK cells must be educated to detect a lack of ___

A

receptor expression

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13
Q

what are the important roles cytokines play in NK cell targeting?

A
  • stimulating signal
  • receptor expression
  • IFNs, IL-12
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14
Q

do NK cells express diverse combinations of receptors or do they only have a few?

A

diverse combinations

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15
Q

what are the activating and inhibitory receptors on NK cells?

A
  • activating - NKG2D and CD16 (Fc receptor)
  • inhibitory - NKG2A and KIR family
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16
Q

describe the CD16 NK cell receptor family

A
  • activating receptor
  • low affinity IgG Fc receptor
17
Q

describe the NKG family of NK cell receptors

A
  • NKG2A - inhibitory receptor that preferentially binds MHC I
  • NKG2D - activating receptor that binds MIC proteins (stress ligands)
18
Q

describe the KIR family of NK cell receptors

A
  • killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor family
  • binds MHC I
  • inhibits NK cell activation (mostly, some exceptions)
  • detects healthy self tissue
19
Q

inhibitory NK cell receptors recognize conventional ___

A

MHC I

20
Q

activating NK cell receptors recognize ___

A

stress ligands

MHC I related, non-classical molecules

21
Q

cells usually express ___ or a ___ receptor, not both

A

NKG2A or KIR

22
Q

detection of MHC I ___ NK killing, while lack of MHC I detection ___ NK killing

A
  • prevents
  • leads to
23
Q

what are the NK cell activation responses?

A
  1. target cell interaction
    1. downregulated MHC I
    2. stress ligands
    3. CD16
  2. leukocyte interaction
    1. antigen presenting cells
    2. Th cells
    3. NKT cells
  3. cytokines
    1. IFNs, IL-12
    2. proliferation, receptor expression, cytokine and granule production
24
Q

what are the NK cell effector functions?

A

cytokine release and cytotoxicity

25
Q

how do NK cells detect and kill cells with altered MHC I expression?

A
26
Q

what is the innate mechanism of NK cell activation?

A
  • multiple (2) signals
  • MHC surveillance
  • stress ligands
  • signals from two or more activating receptors are required to activate NK cells
27
Q

what is the adaptive mechanism of NK cell activation?

A
  • single signal
  • Ig targeting
  • In the presence of IgG, the Fc receptor can activate NK cells without help from another receptor
28
Q

describe NK cell cytotoxicity

A
  • degranulation
    • perforin and granzyme
  • death-receptors
    • FasL and TRAIL
  • interferons and nitric oxide
29
Q

___ T cells monitor tissue health

A

gamma delta

their major role is to remove diseased and malignant cells

30
Q

gamma delta T cells are prominant where?

A

in tissues and mucosal surfaces

  • sit in epithelial layers
  • intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)
31
Q

which unique antigens do gamma delta T cells bind?

A
  • phosphoantigens
  • phopsholipids
  • lipids
32
Q

describe how gamma delta cells have both CD8-like and CD4-like activity

A
  • direct killing
  • cytokine and chemokine release
  • NK, macrophage, and DC activation
33
Q

___ cells can migrate to lymph nodes and function as antigen-presenting cells

A

gamma delta T cells

34
Q

gamma delta T cells express ___ receptors

A

stress-ligand

  • similar to NK cells
  • detects the presence and absence of MHC I
35
Q

gamma delta T cells promote ___

A

tissue repair and homeostasis