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Host and Defense > EXAM 2 T Cells: Receptors, MHC, and Antigen Recognition > Flashcards

EXAM 2 T Cells: Receptors, MHC, and Antigen Recognition Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 types of effectors T cells?

A
  • CD8 cytotoxic T cells
  • CD4 Th1 cells
  • CD4 Th2 cells
  • CD4 Th17 cells
  • Tfh cells
  • CD4 regulatory T cells
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2
Q

what are the functions and targeted pathogens of CD8 cytotoxic T cells?

A
  • functions in adaptive immune response: kill virus infected cells
  • pathogens: viruses and some intracellular bacteria
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3
Q

what are the functions and targeted pathogens of CD4 Th1 cells?

A
  • function in adaptive immune response: activate infected macrophages, provide help to B cells for antibody production
  • pathogens: microbes that persist in macrophage vesicles, and extracellular bacteria
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4
Q

what are the functions and targeted pathogens of Cd4 Th2 cells

A
  • functions in adaptive immune response: provide help to B cells for antibody production, especially switching to IgE
  • pathogens: helminth parasites
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5
Q

what are the functions and targeted pathogens of CD4 Th17 cells?

A
  • functions in adaptive immune response: enhance neutrophil response, promote barrier integrity
  • pathogens: klebsiella pneumoniae, fungi
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6
Q

what are the functions and targeted pathogens of Tfh cells?

A
  • functions in adaptive immune response: B cell help, isotype switching, and antibody production
  • pathogens: all types
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7
Q

what is the function of CD4 regulatory T cells in the adaptive immune response?

A

suppress T cell responses

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8
Q

T cells are defined by ___

A

T cell receptors (TCRs)

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9
Q

TCRs primarily bind ___

A

polypeptides

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10
Q

the TCR is expressed on the ___, and is never ___

A
  • cell surface
  • secreted
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11
Q

TCRs are similar in structure to ___

A

immunoglobulins

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12
Q

do TCRs have effector functions?

A

no

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13
Q

TCRs do not recognize ___ in isolation

A

antigens

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14
Q

TCRs interact with ___ presented antigen

A

MHC

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15
Q

TCRs are ___ detectors

A

incidence

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16
Q

what are the two classes of TCR?

A

alpha:beta T cells and gamma:delta T cells

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17
Q

describe alpha:beta TCRs

A
  • alpha and beta chain
  • “classic” T cell
  • adaptive immunity
  • common in circulation, not tissues
  • develops and matures in the thymus
  • positive and negative selection
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18
Q

describe gamma:detal TCRs

A
  • gamma chain and delta chain
  • not involved in classic adaptive immunity
  • monitor tissue health
  • common in tissues, not circulation
  • develops, but does not mature in the thymus
  • limited positive and negative selection
  • one class
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19
Q

can T cells express more than one TCR type?

A

no, they can only express one type

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20
Q

describe the rearrangement of the alpha chain

A
  • V, J, C segments
  • junctional diversity
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21
Q

describe the rearrangement of the beta chain

A
  • V, J, D, and C segments
  • junctional diversity
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22
Q

how many hypervariable/complementarity-determining regions are there per chain?

A

3

23
Q

What happens if you have a mutation in the RAG 1/2 complex?

A

immunodeficient in TCRs, so T cells will not develop

24
Q

TCRs require the ___ complex for signal transduction

A

CD3

plasma membrane TCR expression does not occur without the CD3 complex

25
Q

do T cells or B cells have more diversity?

A

T cells

26
Q

CD3 complex mediates ___

A

TCR signaling

27
Q

what are CD3 complexes?

A

proteins that mediate the majority of TCR signaling

28
Q

how do MHC complexes present antigens to TCRs?

A
29
Q

describe MHC class I

A
  • intracellular antigen (proteins within the cell)
  • nearly all cells
  • alpha chain and beta2 microglobulin
  • ER antigen loading
  • CD8 co-receptor
30
Q

describe MHC class II

A
  • internalized antigen (internalized by macrophage or phagosome)
  • antigen presenting cells
  • alpha and beta chains
  • vesicular ER loading
  • CD4 co-receptor
31
Q

MHC bind peptides for ___

A

TCR presentation

32
Q

do all cells express MHC?

A

almost…nearly all cells express some form of MHC

33
Q

MHC is considered “promiscuous”; what does that mean?

A

a TCR can bind a lot of different types of MHC class I and II

34
Q

what is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex?

A

another word for the MHC complexes in humans

35
Q

T or F:

MHC class I and II have the same antigen presentation

A

false, they have different antigen presentation

36
Q

describe antigen presentaiton by MHC class II

A
  • extracellular antigen is phagocytosed
  • peptide production in phagolysosome
  • peptide binding by MHC class II
  • MHC class II presents peptide at cell surface
37
Q

describe antigen presentation by MHC class I

A
  • intracellular antigen is processed to peptides in the proteasome
  • peptide transport into ER
  • peptide binding by MHC class I
  • processed through golgi body, then MHC class I presents peptide at cell surface
38
Q

describe MHC class I antigen loading in the ER

A
  • intracellular peptides of 8-10 residues
  • peptides trimmed before expression
  • allows detection of intracellular infection
39
Q

describe MHC class I crosspresentation of endocytosed antigen

A
  • MHC II presents most endocytosed antigen
  • important in naive CD8 T cell activation
40
Q

describe MHC class II antigen loading into vesicles

A
  • by now, the MHC class II molecule has already gone through processing in the ER and golgi body
41
Q

what is CLIP? how does it prevent self antigen presentation

A
  • CLIP - class II associated invariant chain peptide
  • any peptide that has a greater binding affinity for MHC II (NOT self antigen) will cause HLA-DM to remove CLIP and allow that peptide to bind
42
Q

describe the T cell synapse of CD8 T cells

A

co-receptors dictate MHC specificity

43
Q

describe the T cell synapse of CD4 T cells

A

co-receptors dictate MHC specificity

44
Q

___ dictate MHC specificity

A

co-receptors

45
Q

T cells have ___ and ___ effector functions

A

direct and indirect

46
Q

describe the effector functions of CD8 T cells on virus infected cells. is this direct or indirect?

A

direct

47
Q

describe the effector functions of CD4 T cells on macrophage. is this direct or indirect?

A

indirect

48
Q

describe the effector function of CD4 T cells on B cells. is this direct or indirect?

A

indirect

49
Q

which cells express MHC class II?

A

antigen presenting cells

dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophage

50
Q

CD8 binds the ___ domain of MHC class ___

A
  • alpha-3
  • I
51
Q

CD4 binds the ___ domain of MHC class ___

A
  • beta-2
  • II
52
Q

which cells express MHC class I?

A

T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cels, neutrophils, and non-hematopoietic cells (liver hepatocytes, kidney epithelium, and brain)

53
Q

which cells express both MHC class I and MHC class II?

A

B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells

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