EXAM 1 Vaccine Strategies Flashcards
why are vaccines important?
missed opportunities
- over 80,000 mortalities per year in the US from vaccine preventable diseases
- 2/3 saw a physician in the previous year but were not vaccinated
- 50,000/yr from pneumonia and influenza
- 8th leading cause of death in the US
list the live attenuated vaccines
- herpes zoster
- varicella
- live attenuated influenza
- measles, mumps, rubella
- oral typhoid capsules
- rotavirus
- yellow fever
- oral cholera
what is immunization?
the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine
what are vaccines?
stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease
what is a live attenuated vaccine?
- made from weakened viruses or bacteria
- must replicate to work
- replication mimics natural infection
- stimulates immune response
what are inactivated vaccines?
- made from various fractions of viruses or bacteria
- subvirions, subunits, polysaccharides, toxoids, recombinant antigens
- do not replicate because they are killed
list the inactivated vaccines
- diptheria, tetanus, pertussis
- haemophilus influenzae B
- hepatitis A
- hepatitis B
- human papillomavirus
- inactivated poliovirus
- meningococcol
- pneumococcol
- rabies
- inactivated influenza
- typhoid injection
compare live vs. inactivated vaccines
- storage - live vaccines in freezer
- duration of protection - live usually has a longer duration of protection
- adverse effects
- contraindications/precautions - live have more restrictions for use
- usually, live > inactivated
what is ACIP?
- advisory committee on immunization practices
- public health and medical experts
- branch of the CDC that makes recommendations in the US on how to use vaccines to protect against disease
- come up with vaccine schedules
- *always follow ACIP recommendations
describe vaccines for healthcare providers as a form of practice management
- develop policy for your practice to ensure everyone is appropriately vaccinated as a work requirement
- which vaccines?
- flu, Tdap, hep B, MMR, varicella
what is a VIS?
- vaccine information statement
- describes the vaccine and what it protects against
- the patient must be offered VIS with every immunization
what are screening questions that should be asked before administering vaccines of any type?
- severe allergy to previous vaccine or components
- current moderate/severe illness with or without fever
what are screening questions specific to live vaccines?
- severe immunodeficiency
- pregnant
what information should be included on immunization records?
- patient name
- vaccination date
- name, address, title of practitioner giving vaccine
- name of vaccine, manufacturer, lot, NDC, expiration
- signed consent forms
what is USIIS?
- utah statewide immunization information system
- utah’s immunization registry
- health care providers, schools, and public programs
what are the benefits of reporting immunizations?
- safety
- identification of needed vaccines
- allows for shared records
- practice-site reports
describe anaphylaxis symptoms
- sudden or gradual onset of generalized itching
- erythema
- urticaria (hives)
- angioedema (swelling)
- severe bronchospasm
- shortness of breath
- abdominal cramping
- shock
- cardiovascular collapse
describe administration technique
- IM vs SC
- no aspiration needed prior to injection
- diluents
- shaking vaccines
- storage
describe the transmission of influenza
- respiratory, can spread 6’ away
- incubation 1-2 days, asymptomatic
- virus continues to shed 5-10 days after symptoms begin
- 5-20% of US population get the flu each year
what are the signs/symptoms of influenza?
- fever, chills, cough, sore throat, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, runny nose, some may have nausea/vomiting
- 50% have classic symptoms, 20% may have no symptoms at all
describe complications from influenza
- bacterial pneumonia, sinus or ear infections
- dehydration
- worsening of chronic conditions: asthma, heart failure, diabetes
- hospitalizations (200,000/yr) and death
starting in 2010, ACIP recommended all people of what age should get the annual flu vaccine?
greater than or equal to 6 months of age
what is VAERS?
- vaccine adverse event reporting system
- any adverse reactions are reported to VAERS
