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Medical Terminology > Exam 3 - Chapter 15: Nervous system (by term) > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Chapter 15: Nervous system (by term) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

afferent

A

carry or move inward or toward a structure

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2
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue

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3
Q

efferent

A

to carry or move away from a central structure

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4
Q

limbic system

A

complex neural system located beneath the cerebrum that controls basic emotions and drives and plays important roles in memory

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5
Q

neurilemma

A

additional external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

ventricle

A

organ chamber or cavity that holds fluid

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7
Q

corpus callosum

A

structure that joins the two brain hemispheres together

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8
Q

gyri

A

folds in the brain

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9
Q

hypothalamus

A

portion of the brain that regulates involuntary activities such as heart rate and body temperature

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10
Q

thalamus

A

receives all sensory stimuli (except olfactory) and sends them to the cerebral cortex

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11
Q

meninges

A

name for the three covering membranes in the brain

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12
Q

dura mater

A

outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord. It’s tough, fibrous, and dense

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13
Q

arachnoid

A

the middle of the three coverings of the brain with a web-like appearance

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14
Q

pia mater

A

the innermost of the three membranes covering the brain

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15
Q

cerebr/o

A

combining form of “cerebrum”

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16
Q

crani/o

A

combining form of “cranium” or “skull”

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17
Q

encephal/o

A

combining form of “brain”

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18
Q

gangli/o

A

combining form of “ganglion” or “knot like mass”

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19
Q

gli/o

A

combining form of “neurological tissue”

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20
Q

kinesi/o

A

combining form of “movement”

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21
Q

lept/o

A

combining form of “thin” or “slender”

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22
Q

lex/o

A

combining form of “word” or “phrase”

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23
Q

mening/o

A

(1 of 2) combining form of “meninges” which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

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24
Q

meningi/o

A

(2 of 2) combining form of “meninges” which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

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25
Q

myel/o

A

combining form of “bone marrow” or “spinal cord”

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26
Q

narc/o

A

combining form of “stupor” or “numbness”

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27
Q

neur/o

A

combining form of “nerve”

28
Q

radicul/o

A

combining form of “nerve root”

29
Q

sthen/o

A

combining form of “strength”

30
Q

thalam/o

A

combining form of “thalamus”

31
Q

thec/o

A

combining form of “sheath” but also used to refer to the meninges

32
Q

ton/o

A

combining form of “tension”

33
Q

ventricul/o

A

combining form of “ventricle” either the heart or the brain

34
Q

-algesia

A

(1 of 2) suffix for “pain”

35
Q

-algia

A

(2 of 2) suffix for “pain”

36
Q

-asthenia

A

suffix for “weakness” or “debility”

37
Q

-esthesia

A

suffix for “feeling”

38
Q

-kinesia

A

suffix for “movement”

39
Q

-lepsy

A

suffix for “seizure”

40
Q

-paresis

A

suffix for “partial paralysis”

41
Q

-phasia

A

suffix for “speech”

42
Q

-plegia

A

suffix for “full paralysis”

43
Q

-taxia

A

suffix for “order” or “coordination”

44
Q

pachy-

A

prefix for “thick”

45
Q

para-

A

prefix for “near” or “beyond”

46
Q

radiculitis

A

inflammation of the nerve root associated with the spinal column

47
Q

dyskinesia

A

involuntary movement

48
Q

ischemic stroke

A

stroke caused by the narrowing of the arteries in the brain or the neck

49
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A

sudden rupture of an artery inside the brain

50
Q

subarachnoid hemorrage

A

blood released into the space surrounding the brain

51
Q

aphasia

A

inability to speak

52
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination

53
Q

thrombolytic

A

a clot-busting medication given during a stroke

54
Q

psychosis

A

mental disorder where there is a severe loss of contact with reality

55
Q

neurosis

A

mental disorder caused by an emotion experienced in the past that overwhelmingly interferes with present emotion

56
Q

agnosia

A

inability to comprehend visual, auditory, spacial, olfactory, or other sensations even through the sensory sphere is intact

57
Q

asthenia

A

condition of weakness or loss of strength

58
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination or control

59
Q

convulsion

A

any sudden or violent muscle contraction

60
Q

dyslexia

A

inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence and exposure

61
Q

Guillan-Barre syndrome

A

autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation fo the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed. Weak nerve impulses and loss of reflex are sx

62
Q

Huntington chorea

A

inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements and mental deterioration

63
Q

anencephaly

A

congenital deformity where some or all of the fetal brain is missing

64
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital deformity of the neural tube which fails to close during fetal development (lower spine issues)

65
Q

paresthesia

A

sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity

66
Q

poliomyelitis

A

The technical term for the condition of polio, causes the gray matter of the spinal chord to to enflame and paralysis

67
Q

Reye syndrome

A

acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver, and possibly other organs

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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