Exam 2 - Chapter 9: Blood, lymph, and immune systems (by term) Flashcards
aden/o
Combining form of “gland”
agglutin/o
Combining form of “clumping” or “gluing”
bas/o
Combining form of “basic, alkaline”
blast/o
Combining form of “embryonic cell”
chromo
Combining form of “color”
eosin/o
Combining form of “rose-colored”
erythr/o
Combining form of “red”
granul/o
Combining form of “granule”
hem/o and hemat/o
Combining forms of “blood”
immun/o
Combining form of “immune” or “immunity”
kary/o and nucleo
Combining forms of “nucleus”
leuk/o
Combining form of “white”
lymphaden/o
Combining form of “lymph gland” or “lymph node”
lymph/o
Combining form of “lymph”
lymphangi/o
Combining form of “lymph vessel”
morph/o
Combining form of “shape”
myel/o
Combining form of “bone marrow” or sometimes “spinal cord”
neutr/o
Combining form of “neutral” or “neither”
phag/o
Combining form of “eating” or “swallowing”
plas/o
Combining form of “formation” or “growth”
poikil/o
Combining form of “varied” or “irregular”
reticul/o
Combining form of “net” or “mesh”
ser/o
Combining form of “serum”
sider/o
Combining form of “iron”
splen/o
Combining form of “spleen”
thromb/o
Combining form of “blood clot”
thym/o
Combining form of “thymus gland”
xen/o
Combining form of “foreign” or “strange”
-blast
Suffix for “embryonic cell”
-emia
Suffix for “blood condition”
-globin
Suffix for “protein”
-graft
Suffix for “transplantation”
-osis
Suffix for “abnormal condition,” but generally means there is an abnormal increase in some substance
-penia
Suffix for “decrease” or “deficiency”
-phil
Suffix for “an attraction for”
-phoresis
Suffix for “carrying” or “transmission”
-phylaxis
Suffix for “protection”
-poiesis
Suffix for “formation” or “production”
-stasis
Suffix for “standing still”
a-
Prefix for “without” or “not”
allo-
Prefix for “other” or “differing from the normal”
aniso-
Prefix for “unequal” or “dissimilar”
iso-
Prefix for “same” or “equal”
macro-
Prefix for “large”
micro-
Prefix for “small”
mono-
Prefix for “one”
poly-
Prefix for “many” or “much”
disseminated intravascular coagulation
Abnormal activation of the proteins involved in blood coagulation, causing small blood clots to form in vessels cutting off oxygen supply to distal tissues.
graft rejection
process in which a patient’s immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissue
graft-versus-host disease
complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant poduces antibodies against the recipient’s organs that can be sever enough to cause death
hematoma
localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel
hemoglobinopathy
any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule
lyphadenopathy
any disease of the lymph nodes
lymphedema
swelling, primarily in a single arm of leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels
multiple myeloma
malignant tumor of plasma cells (cells that help the body fight infection by producing antibodies) in the bone marrow
sepsis
presence of bacteria or other toxins in the blood, also called blood poisoning
systemic lupus erythematosus
widespread autoimmune disease that may affect the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation
thrombocythemia
overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations
thrombocytopenia
abnormal disease of platelets caused by a low production of platelets in bone marrow OR by increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels (intravascular), spleen (extravascular), or liver (extravascular)
von Willebrand disease
Bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor, a “sticky protein that lines blood vessels and reacts with platelets to forma plug that leads to clot formation
immunotherapy
any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates, or restores the body’s natural immune mechanisms to treat disease
allergy injections
injections with increasing strengths of the offending antigen given over a period of months or years to increase tolerance to an antigen responsible for severe allergies
biological immunotherapy
use of immune system stimulators to enhance the immune response in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn disease,
bone marrow aspiration
removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination
bone marrow transplant
infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers
autologous bone marrow transplant
infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed, but specifically that the patient’s own bone marrow or stem cells are being used
homologous bone marrow transplant
infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed, but specifically that the bone marrow was taken from a compatible donor
lymphadenectomy
removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures performed to remove malignant tissue
sentinel node excision
removal of the first node that receives drainage from the cancer-containing area and the node most likely to contain malignant cells
transfusion
infusion of blood or blood products from one person to another person
antinuclear antibody
test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual’s own cody cells (presence of ANAs tells the physician to explore possible autoimmune diseases)
blood culture
test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream
complete blood count
series of tests that include hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cell counts, platelet count, and differential count
monospot
nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile anti-body, which develops several days after infection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that caused infectious mononucleosis
partial thromboplastin time
test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot, screens for deficiencies of certain clotting factors
prothrombin time
test that measures the time it takes for prothrombin to form a clot
Shilling test
test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs vitamin B12 through the digestive tract
bone marrow magnetic resonance imagine
highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in multiple myeloma
lymphangiography
visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system
lymphoscintigraphy
introduction of a radioactive tracer in the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node
antifibrinolytics
medication that neutralizes fibrinolytic chemicals in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and urinary tract to prevent the breakdown of blood clots (medication for hemopheliacs)
erythropoesis
red blood cell development
diapedesis
the process by which white blood cells migrate through tissue walls
