Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Exam 2 - Chapter 6: Digestive System (by definition) > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chapter 6: Digestive System (by definition) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells to later be excreted in feces (i.e. destroyed red blood cells)

A

bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chewed food ready to be swallowed, but not digested

A

bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the type of gland that secrets its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

A

exocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body

A

sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

organic compound, a true fat, made from one glycerol and three fatty acids

A

triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

another name for the mouth

A

oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cheeks

A

bucca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gums in the mouth

A

gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a fancy word for swallowing

A

deglutition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the technical term for taste buds

A

papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

throat

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a small flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing

A

epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sphincter at the top of the stomach that constrict once food has passed into the stomach

A

lower esophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the large central portion of the stomach

A

body (of the stomach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the upper portion of the stomach

A

fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the funnel-shaped end portion of the stomach where most of digestion takes place

A

pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

folds in the stomach lining that gradually unfold as the stomach fills; also houses HCl glands

A

rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bolus that’s been mixed with stomach digestive juices

A

chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ring of fibrous muscle that separates the lower part of the stomach from the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

coordinated, rhythmic muscle contractions that move matter through the digestive tract

A

peristaltis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the uppermost part of the small intestines (about 10 inches long)

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

middle part of the small intestine; measures about 8 feet long

A

jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

final part of the small intestine before it continues to the large intestine; is about 12 feet long

A

ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

microscopic fingerlike projections in the intestine that absorb nutrients

A

villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

muscle at the end of the small intestine that allows undigested and absorbed material from the small intestine to move to the large intestine

A

ileocecal valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the first 2 or 3 inches of the large intestine

A

cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

extends from the cecum to the lower border of the liver and turns abruptly to form the hepatic flexure

A

ascending colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

structure between the ascending colon and the transverse colon

A

hepatic flexure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

area of the large intestine that curves around the spleen and into the descending colon

A

splenic flexure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

area of the large intestine where the transverse colon moves downward

A

descending colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

area of the large intestine that connects to the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

final portion of the colon that connects to the anus

A

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

gland that secrets directly into the bloodstream

A

endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

pathway that the gallbladder secretes bile through into the duodenum

A

common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

composed of two ducts (left and right) that allow bile to be drained from the liver

A

hepatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

duct that merges with the hepatic duct

A

cystic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

mouth (combining form)

A

or/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

mouth (combining form)

A

stomat/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

tongue (combining form)

A

gloss/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

tongue (combining form)

A

lingu/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

check (combining form)

A

bucc/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

lip (combining form)

A

cheil/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

lip (combining form)

A

labi/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

teeth (combining form)

A

dent/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

teeth (combining form)

A

odont/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

gums (combining form)

A

gingiv/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

saliva, salivary gland (combining form)

A

sial/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

esophagus (combining form)

A

esophag/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

pharynx (combining form)

A

pharyng/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

stomach (combining form)

A

gastr/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

pylorus (combining form)

A

pylor/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

duodenum, first part of the small intestine (combining form)

A

duoden/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

intestine (combining form)

A

enter/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

jejunum, second part of the small intestine (combining form)

A

jejun/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

ileum, third part of the small intestine (combining form)

A

ile/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

appendix (combining form)

A

append/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

appendix (combining form)

A

appendic/o

58
Q

colon (combining form)

A

col/o

59
Q

colon (combining form)

A

colon/o

60
Q

sigmoid colon (combining form)

A

sigmoid/o

61
Q

rectum (combining form)

A

rect/o

62
Q

anus, rectum (combining form)

A

proct/o

63
Q

anus (combining form)

A

an/o

64
Q

liver (combining form)

A

hepat/o

65
Q

pancreas (combining form)

A

pancreat/o

66
Q

bile vessel (combining form)

A

cholangi/o

67
Q

bile, gall (combining form)

A

chol/e

68
Q

gallbladder (combining form)

A

cholecyst/o

69
Q

bile duct

A

choledoch/o

70
Q

through, across (prefix)

A

dia-

71
Q

around (prefix)

A

peri-

72
Q

under, below (prefix)

A

sub-

73
Q

a disease consisting of ulcers on mucous membranes in the stomach, duodenum, and occasionally in the lower esophagus

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

74
Q

chronic inflammatory disease of the mucous membranes of the colon, typically taking place in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward (sometimes into the entire colon). Symptoms include watery, bloody diarrhea

A

Ulcerative Colitis

75
Q

abnormal condition when a piece of intestine protrudes through the muscle wall and has its bloodflow cut off through pressure; gangrene can result

A

strangulated hernia

76
Q

surgical repair of a hernia

A

hernioplasty

77
Q

suturing up of a hernia

A

herniorrhaphy

78
Q

occurs when intestinal contents are prevented from moving forward due to an obstacle or barrier that blocks the lumen

A

(mechanical) intestinal obstruction

79
Q

occurs when peristalsis fails to move digestive content through the intestines

A

(nonmechanical) intestinal obstruction

80
Q

intestinal twisting

A

volvolus

81
Q

inflammatory condition of the liver, this type is typically infectious and transmitted orally, sexually, and through body fluid contact

A

hepatitis A

82
Q

inflammatory condition of the liver, this type is typically transmitted via body fluid or sexual contact. There is a vaccine available.

A

hepatitis B

83
Q

inflammatory condition of the liver, this type is typically transmitted via body fluid or sexual contact. There is no cure.

A

hepatitis C

84
Q

small, blisterlike pockets develop in the innermost lining of the large intestine and may balloon through the intestinal wall. Symptoms include abdominal pain, constipation, or sometimes bloody diarrhea

A

diverticulosis

85
Q

cancerous glandular tumor generally found in the mucosal lining of the stomach or intestines

A

gastric adenocarcenoma

86
Q

generic term for cancer of the GI tract

A

Colorectal cancer

87
Q

loss of appetite

A

anorexia

88
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease

A

ascites

89
Q

stomach growling

A

borborygmus

90
Q

physical wasting away typically associated with AIDS and cancer patients

A

cachexia

91
Q

gallstones in the gallblader or bile duct

A

cholelithiasis

92
Q

scarring and dysfunction of the liver due to chronic liver disease

A

cirrhosis

93
Q

spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially in the colon, accompanied by pain

A

colic

94
Q

form of inflammatory bowel disease, usually of the ileum but can be of any part of the intestinal tract. Characterized by inflammatory pattern and cramping, diarrhea, and weight loss

A

Chron disease

95
Q

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, caused by ingesting contaminated water

A

dysentery

96
Q

inability or trouble swallowing

A

dysphagia

97
Q

burping

A

eructation

98
Q

fecal concretion; fecal matter compressed into a hard stone

A

fecalith

99
Q

farting

A

flatus

100
Q

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

101
Q

vomiting of blood

A

hematemesis

102
Q

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function; contributing factors include anxiety and stress

A

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

103
Q

passage of dark colored, tarry stools due to the presence of blood altered by digestive juices

A

melena

104
Q

severe constipation, sometimes caused by internal obstruction

A

obstipation

105
Q

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membranes of the lips, cheek, or tongue caused by irritation

A

oral leukoplakia

106
Q

progressive, wavelike movements of the hollow tubes of the body meant to move contents forward

A

peristalsis

107
Q

narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, causes obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

A

pyloric stenosis

108
Q

passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it

A

steatorrhea

109
Q

insertion of nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach for a variety of reasons (food, medication, etc)

A

nasogastric intubation

110
Q

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments; can be ileorectal or intestinal

A

anastomosis

111
Q

group of procedures meant to treat morbid obesity

A

bariatric surgery

112
Q

procedure for crushing a stone and removing its fragments, either surgically or through ultrasonic waves

A

lithotripsy

113
Q

use of shock waves specifically to noninvasively break up stones in the gall bladder or biliary ducts

A

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

114
Q

incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat pyloric stenosis

A

pyloromyotomy

115
Q

panel of blood tests to identify which hepatitis virus a patient has

A

hepatitis panel

116
Q

measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood

A

serum bilirubin

117
Q

test that applies a tree extract to fecal matter to detect hidden blood

A

stool guaiac

118
Q

imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

A

computed tomography (CT scan)

119
Q

barium enema followed by radiographic images of the rectum and colon

A

lower gastrointestinal series

120
Q

radiographic images taken of the gallblader after administration of contrast material, typically containing iodine

A

oral cholecystography (OCG)

121
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts

A

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

122
Q

radiologic examination of salivary glands and ducts

A

sialography

123
Q

barium administration followed by radiographic images of the small intestine, sometimes called a barium swallow

A

upper gastrointestinal series

124
Q

nausea control medication

A

antiemetics

125
Q

Barium (abbreviation)

A

Ba (abbreviation)

126
Q

barium enema (abbreviation)

A

BaE

127
Q

computed tomography (abbreviation)

A

CT

128
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (abbreviation)

A

EGD (abbreviation)

129
Q

extracorporeal shock wave

A

ESWL

130
Q

endoscopic ultrasonography (x-ray studies) (abbreviation)

A

EUS

131
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (abbreviation)

A

GERD

132
Q

hepatitis A virus (abbreviation)

A

HAV

133
Q

hepatitis B virus (abbreviation)

A

HBV

134
Q

hepatitis C virus (abbreviation)

A

HCV

135
Q

liver function test (abbreviation)

A

LFT

136
Q

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (abbreviation)

A

MRCP

137
Q

nasogastric (abbreviation)

A

NG

138
Q

oral cholecystography (abbreviation)

A

OCG

139
Q

peptic ulcer disease (abbreviation)

A

PUD

140
Q

rule out (abbreviation)

A

R/O

141
Q

upper gastrointestinal tract (abbreviation)

A

UGIS

142
Q

ultrasound (abbreviation)

A

US

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions