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Medical Terminology > Exam 3 - Chapter 12: Female reproductive system (by term) > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Chapter 12: Female reproductive system (by term) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Graafian follicles

A

small sacks in the ovaries from which the eggs derive. These structures rupture to release the egg (this rupture is called ovulation)

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2
Q

corpus luteum

A

empty egg follicle that releases estrogen and progesterone. Degenerates at the end of the cycle.

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3
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

joins the ovary to the uterus

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4
Q

fimbriae

A

fingerlike projection in the Fallopian tube that propel the egg to the uterus

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5
Q

fundus

A

the topmost part of the uterus

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6
Q

body

A

the middle of the uterus

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7
Q

cervix

A

the lower part or “neck” of the uterus

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8
Q

Bartholin glands

A

lubricate the vagina during sexual excitement

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9
Q

tunica uterus

A

thin membrane surrounding the uterus

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10
Q

lobules

A

milk producing glands. There are generally 15 to 20 of them per breast

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11
Q

lactiferous duct

A

the duct that takes the milk from the breast to the surface for lactation

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12
Q

menarche

A

the first menstrual cycle of a woman

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13
Q

cycle step: menstrual

A

days 1 to 5. The endometrium sloughs off

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14
Q

cycle step: ovulatory

A

days 6 to 14. Endometrium thickens, ova mature and ovum released

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15
Q

cycle step: postovulatory

A

days 15 to 28. Hormones secreted by corpus luteum stimulate

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16
Q

amenorrhea

A

the year long time without a menstrual cycle that marks the start of menopause

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17
Q

amni/o

A

combining form for the amniotic sac

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18
Q

colp/o

A

combining form of vagina

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19
Q

galact/o

A

(1 of 2) combining form of milk

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20
Q

lact/o

A

(1 of 2) combining form of milk

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21
Q

gynec/o

A

combining form for woman

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22
Q

metri/o

A

combining form of uterus

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23
Q

mast/o

A

combining form of breast

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24
Q

men/o

A

combining form of menstruation

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25
Q

metr/o

A

combining form meaning either uterus or measurement

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26
Q

oophor/o

A

combining form of ovary

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27
Q

perine/o

A

combining form of the perineum

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28
Q

salping/o

A

combining form of Fallopian tube

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29
Q

-arche

A

suffix for beginning

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30
Q

-cyesis

A

suffix for pregnancy

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31
Q

-gravita

A

suffix for pregnant woman

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32
Q

-para

A

suffix for “to bear offspring” but is usually used to describe the number of successful births

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33
Q

-salpinx

A

suffix for the Fallopian tube

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34
Q

-tocia

A

suffix for childbirth or labor

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35
Q

-version

A

suffix for twisting or turning

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36
Q

ante-

A

prefix meaning “with difficulty”

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37
Q

primi-

A

prefix meaning “first”

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38
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful mentstrual cycles

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39
Q

metrorrhagia

A

irregular bleeding between menstrual periods

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40
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive flow during the menstrual cycle itself

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41
Q

hypermenorrhea

A

excessive flow during menstrual cycle

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42
Q

endometriosis

A

functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

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43
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

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44
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

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45
Q

candidiasis

A

a yeast infection

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46
Q

trichomoniasis

A

vaginal infection caused by a protozoa

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47
Q

nulliparous

A

a woman who has never born a child

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48
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening (in the female reproductive sense, possibly the absence of a vagina)

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49
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm of the uterus

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50
Q

dyspareunia

A

painful intercourse

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51
Q

endocervicitis

A

inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix

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52
Q

retroversion

A

a “turning backwards,” when the uterus slips into the wrong orientation

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53
Q

abrupto placentae

A

a breaking away of the placenta; a premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor.

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54
Q

breech presentation

A

the butt or the feet of the fetus present first before the head during birth

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55
Q

eclampsia

A

blood poisoning during pregnancy

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56
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

fertilized ovum implants anywhere other than the uterine lining

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57
Q

placenta previa

A

when the placenta is attached to or covers the cervical canals.

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58
Q

intrauterine device

A

birth control device inside the uterus (t shaped oftentimes)

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59
Q

cerclage

A

when the cervix is sutured to prevent premature dilation during pregnancy

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60
Q

colpocleisis

A

when the vagina is closed

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61
Q

conization

A

the taking of a cone-shaped tissue sample

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62
Q

cordocentesis

A

taking a sample from the umbilical cord for testing

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63
Q

laparoscopy

A

making an incision and inserting a camera device, rather than going through a body tube

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64
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical removal of a breast

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65
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical repair or reconstruction of the breast

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66
Q

colposcopy

A

having a look around the vagina

67
Q

insufflation

A

introducing air into a structure to help with visuals

68
Q

pelvimetry

A

measurement of the pelvis

69
Q

gestation

A

length of time from conception to birth

70
Q

orifice

A

mouth, entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure

71
Q

parturition

A

another name for “childbirth”

72
Q

embryo

A

During gestation, the product of conception is referred to as this from conception up until the third month

73
Q

fetus

A

During gestation, the product of conception is referred to as this from the third month up until delivery

74
Q

How many stages does labor occur in? And what are the names of the stages?

A

Stage 1: Stage of Dilation
Stage 2: Stage of expulsion
Stage 3: Placental Stage (afterbirth)

75
Q

amenorrhea

A

the technical term for the absence of menstrual flow

76
Q

climacteric

A

the period in a woman’s life when she approaches menopause

77
Q

vaginal atrophy

A

the drying and thinning out of the vagina that occurs during menopause

78
Q

colp/o

A

one of two combining forms for the word “vagina”

79
Q

vagin/o

A

one of two combining forms for the word “vagina”

80
Q

gynec/o

A

combining form of “woman” or “female”

81
Q

hyster/o

A

one of three combining forms of “uterus”

82
Q

metri/o

A

one of three combining forms of “uterus”

83
Q

uter/o

A

one of three combining forms of “uterus”

84
Q

mamm/o

A

(1 of 2) combining form of “breast”

85
Q

mast/o

A

(2 of 2) combining form of “breast”

86
Q

men/o

A

combining form of “menses” or “menstruation”

87
Q

metr/o

A

combining form of “uterus” specifically “womb”

88
Q

nat/o

A

combining form of “birth”

89
Q

oophor/o

A

(1 of 2) combining form of “ovary”

90
Q

ovari/o

A

(2 of 2) combining form of “ovary”

91
Q

perine/o

A

combining form of “perineum”

92
Q

salping/o

A

combining form of “tube,” typically Fallopian or eustachian

93
Q

-arche

A

suffix for “beginning”

94
Q

-cyesis

A

suffix for “pregnancy”

95
Q

-gravida

A

suffix for “pregnant woman”

96
Q

-para

A

suffix for “to bear (offspring)”

97
Q

menarche

A

the beginning of menstruation; the first menstruation

98
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false pregnancy

99
Q

multigravida

A

a woman who has been pregnant more than once

100
Q

nullipara

A

a woman who has never produced a viable offspring

101
Q

hemosalpinx

A

the condition of blood in the fallopian tube

102
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of the vagina

103
Q

vaginocele

A

a vaginal hernia

104
Q

galactopoiesis

A

the production of milk

105
Q

endometrial

A

pertaining to the lining of the uterus

106
Q

mastopexy

A

surgical fixation of the breast

107
Q

metroptosis

A

prolapse or downward displacement of the uterus

108
Q

oophoroma

A

an ovarian tumor

109
Q

ovariorrhexis

A

the rupture of an ovary

110
Q

perineorrhaphy

A

surgical repair of the perineum

111
Q

salpingoplasty

A

surgical repair of the fallopian tube

112
Q

-tocia

A

suffix for “childbirth”

113
Q

dystocia

A

difficult childbirth

114
Q

-version

A

suffix for “turning”

115
Q

retroversion

A

the turning back of an organ

116
Q

ante-

A

prefix for “before” or “in front of”

117
Q

primi-

A

prefix for “first”

118
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

119
Q

multipara

A

a woman who has born more than one child, regardless of whether or not the child was born alive

120
Q

primigravida

A

a woman during her first pregnancy is often referred to as this

121
Q

obstetrics

A

the branch of medicine that deals with a woman and her fetus during pregnancy and birth

122
Q

puerperium

A

the period of adjustment just after birth when the woman’s reproductive organs return to their original state (lasts about six to eight weeks)

123
Q

metrorrhagia

A

irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual cycles

124
Q

menorrhagia

A

profuse or prolonged bleeding during regular menstruation

125
Q

endometriosis

A

the presence of functional endometrial tissue in areas outside the uterus, sometimes up into the pelvic cavity

126
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

the general term for inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or adjacent pelvic structures (typically caused by bacterial infection)

127
Q

septicemia

A

bacteria in the blood, or “blood poisoning”

128
Q

vaginitis

A

a bacteria or yeast infection localized to the vagina

129
Q

nulliparous

A

a woman who has never born a child

130
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina

131
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy

132
Q

dyspareunia

A

painful intercourse

133
Q

endocervicitis

A

inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri

134
Q

retroversion

A

an organ that tips back from its normal position in the body

135
Q

uterine fibroids

A

benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus

136
Q

abrupto placentae

A

premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor

137
Q

breech presentation

A

common abnormality in delivery where the fetal buttocks or feet present before the head

138
Q

Down syndrome

A

birth defect that occurs when a person has 47 chromasomes instead of 46 (there being an extra copy of chromasome 21)

139
Q

eclampsia

A

the most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy

140
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the uterine cavity but instead becomes implanted on any other tissue other than the uterine cavity, such as the fallopian tube, ovary, the abdomen, etc

141
Q

placenta previa

A

obstetric compilation in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dialates

142
Q

intrauterine device

A

a small, typically t-shaped device inserted by a physician into the uterus to prevent pregnancy

143
Q

cerclage

A

suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion

144
Q

colpocleisis

A

surgical closure of the vaginal canal

145
Q

conization

A

excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as the mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination

146
Q

cordocentesis

A

sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance

147
Q

dilation and curettage

A

widening of the cervical canal with a dilator scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette

148
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions of the abdominal wall, usually at the navel

149
Q

lumpectomy

A

excision of a small primary breast tumor and some of the tissue that surrounds it

150
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical repair of the breast to change its size, shape, or position

151
Q

mastectomy

A

excision of an entire breast

152
Q

transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap

A

surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is then passed under the skin to the breast area, and then shaped into a natural looking breast

153
Q

tubal ligation

A

procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy

154
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of the vagina with an optical magnifying instrument

155
Q

insufflation

A

delivery of pressurized gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow for visual examination or extraction

156
Q

pelvimetry

A

measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow delivery

157
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects

158
Q

endometrial biopsy

A

removal of a sample of the uterine endometrium for microscopic study

159
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

A

cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained through routine pelvic examination

160
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes following injection of a contrast medium

161
Q

mammography

A

radiographic examination of the breast for breast cancer

162
Q

oxytocics

A

used to induce labor at any term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contactions

163
Q

prostaglandins

A

medication used to terminate pregnancy, causes the uterus to contract strongly enough to expel a fetus

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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