Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Exam 3 - Chapter 14: Endocrine system (by definition) > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Chapter 14: Endocrine system (by definition) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an internal state of equilibrium in the body

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mineral salt that carries an electrical charge in solution

A

electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen (a starch form of sugar) into glucose

A

glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

simple sugar that is the end result of carbohydrate digestion

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas that allow body cells to use glucose for energy or store it in the liver as glycogen

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (such as epinepherine and norepinepherine)

A

sympathomimetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pea sized gland located at the back of the brain. Sometimes called the master gland due to the way it regulates so many body activities. This gland has two lobes.

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

produces ADH and oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the large, H-shaped organ just below the neck, composed of two large lobes separated by a strip of tissue called an isthmus

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the body’s major metabolic hormone; increases the rate of oxygen consumption which in turn speeds up metabolism. Made up of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

A

thyroid hormone (TH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hormone that regulates calcium in the bloodstream; decreases the rate of calcium absorption from bones

A

calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hormone produced in the adrenal cortex - promotes the secretion of corticosteriods; hyper secretion causes Cushing disease; secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In females, stimulates egg production and increases the secretion of estrogen. In males, stimulates sperm production in the testes; secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other tissues. ; secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In females, promotes ovulation and stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone. In males, stimulates secretion of testosterone; secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

promotes lactation in females; secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

PRL (prolactin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones; secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

increases water reabsorption in the kidneys; secreted from the posterior pituitary

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In females, promotes milk secretion from mammary glands and stimulates uterine contractions for labor; secreted from the posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

glands located on the posterior lobes of the thyroid gland; secretes PTH which helps regulate calcium balance in the blood

A

parathyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

causes bones to release calcium, intestines to absorb more calcium, and kidneys to increase calcium reabsorbtion

A

PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

paired glands that sit on top of the kidneys; divided into the cortex and the medulla

A

adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

causes the kidneys to conserve sodium and to pass on potassium, which in turn increases water conservation by lowering urine output; secreted from the adrenal cortex

A

aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

influences the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Cortisol is an example of this. Secreted from the adrenal cortex

A

glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

androgens, estrogens, and progesterins help maintain secondary sex characterists like breasts in females and placement of body hair

A

sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

also called adrenaline, this hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla acts to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, increasing blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and dilating airways.

A

epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

gland that’s inferior to the stomach and in the bend in the duodenum. Functions as both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. Produces insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Portion of the pancreas that secretes insulin and glucagon

A

Islets of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

small, pine-cone shaped organ at the posterior portion of the brain that secrets melatonin; possibly inhibits the functions of the ovaries

A

pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

(1 of 2) combining form of “adrenal gland”

A

adren/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

(2 of 2) combining form of “adrenal gland”

A

adrenal/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

combining form of “calcium”

A

calc/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

combining form of “secrete”

A

crin/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

(1 of 2) combining form of “sweetness” or “sugar”

A

gluc/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

(2 of 2) combining form of “sweetness” or “sugar”

A

glyc/o

36
Q

combining form of “same” or “alike”

A

home/o

37
Q

combining form of “potassium”

A

kal/i

38
Q

combining form of “pancreas”

A

pancreat/o

39
Q

combining form of “parathyroid gland”

A

parathyroid/o

40
Q

combining form of “thymus gland”

A

thym/o

41
Q

combining form of “thyroid gland”

A

thyr/o

42
Q

combining form of “poison”

A

toxic/o

43
Q

suffix for “secrete”

A

_crine

44
Q

suffix for “thirst”

A

_dipsia

45
Q

suffix for “forming” or “producing” or “origin”

A

_gen

46
Q

suffix for “poison”

A

_toxic

47
Q

suffix for “urine”

A

_uria

48
Q

prefix for “good” or “normal”

A

eu-

49
Q

prefix for “outside” or “outward”

A

exo-

50
Q

abnormal condition of low sodium levels in the blood

A

hyponatremia

51
Q

a form of hypothyroidism that develops in infants. Leads to mental retardation, abnormal bone growth, low body temperatures.

A

cretinism

52
Q

hypothyroidism that develops during adulthood (as opposed to childhood, like in cretinism). Symptoms include edema, weight gain, sluggishness

A

myxedema

53
Q

Form of hyperthyroidism; symptoms include weight loss, excessive perspiration, muscle weakness, emotional instability, and bulging eyes that come from swelling optical nerve tissue

A

Graves disease

54
Q

condition of bulging eyeballs

A

exophthalmos

55
Q

insufficient production of PTH in the body; sometimes caused by too much calcium in the blood. This in turn may cause low blood calcium levels, which in turn can cause muscle spasms

A

hypoparathyroidism

56
Q

muscle spasms

A

tetany

57
Q

too much production of PTH, often caused by a tumor on the thyroid

A

hyperthyroidism

58
Q

a benign glandular tumor

A

adenoma

59
Q

condition of tumors growing on nerve endings, sometimes caused by excessive calcium in the blood

A

von Recklinghausen disease

60
Q

disease caused by a lack of cortical hormones, usually occurs when the adrenal cortex is damaged or impaired. Symptoms include low blood sodium and high blood potassium, excessive urination to the point of being dehydrated

A

Addison disease

61
Q

symptoms that come from excessive amounts of cortisol, ACTH, or both. Symptoms include thin extremities, thinning hair, easy bruising, slow wound healing, purple striae, increased body and facial hair,

A

Cushing syndrome

62
Q

condition of impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to insufficient production of insulin or the body’s inability to use insulin properly. Symptoms include constant urination, abnormal thirst and hunger, and irritability

A

diabetes mellitus

63
Q

extreme thirst

A

polydipsia

64
Q

extreme hunger

A

polyphagia

65
Q

Condition where the body does not produce enough insulin. Typically diagnosed in young children and teenagers. Treated with exercise, insulin, and careful monitoring of blood glucose

A

Type 1 Diabetes

66
Q

Condition where the body does not produce enough insulin, or the body is resistant to the effects of insulin. Risk factors include a family history of obesity or diabetes. Treatments include exercise, weight loss, diet, and insulin.

A

Type 2 Diabetes

67
Q

cancer of an endocrine gland

A

adenocarcinoma

68
Q

Rare hormonal disorder in adulthood often caused by a GH-secreting pituitary tumor; promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands, and feet to grow larger than normal

A

acromegaly

69
Q

increased formation and secretion of urine

A

diuresis

70
Q

abnormal amount of glucose in the urine

A

glycosuria

71
Q

condition where blood calcium levels are too high

A

hypercalcemia

72
Q

condition where blood potassium levels are too high

A

hyperkalemia

73
Q

abnormal increase of blood volume, typically caused by abnormally high levels of sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys

A

hypervolemia

74
Q

a tumor in the Isles of Langerhans in the pancreas

A

insulinoma

75
Q

having a BMI index of 40 or greater

A

morbid obesity

76
Q

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

A

panhypopituitarism

77
Q

small cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla that causes elevated heart rate and blood issues

A

pheochromocytoma

78
Q

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone

A

thyroid storm

79
Q

masculinization or development of male characteristics in a woman

A

virilism

80
Q

measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball

A

exophthalmometry

81
Q

excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

A

parathyroidectomy

82
Q

endoscopic procedure to surgically remove a pituitary tumor through an incision at the back of the nose without disturbing brain tissue

A

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

83
Q

removal of the thymus gland

A

thymectomy

84
Q

test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours

A

fasting blood sugar

85
Q

screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood

A

glucose tolerance test

86
Q

diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, and to detemine insulin sensitivity

A

insulin tolerance test

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions