Exam 3 - Chapter 15: Nervous system (by definition) Flashcards
carry or move inward or toward a structure
afferent
protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue
blood-brain barrier
to carry or move away from a central structure
efferent
complex neural system located beneath the cerebrum that controls basic emotions and drives and plays important roles in memory
limbic system
additional external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system
neurilemma
organ chamber or cavity that holds fluid
ventricle
structure that joins the two brain hemispheres together
corpus callosum
folds in the brain
gyri
portion of the brain that regulates involuntary activities such as heart rate and body temperature
hypothalamus
receives all sensory stimuli (except olfactory) and sends them to the cerebral cortex
thalamus
name for the three covering membranes in the brain
meninges
outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord. It’s tough, fibrous, and dense
dura mater
the middle of the three coverings of the brain with a web-like appearance
arachnoid
the innermost of the three membranes covering the brain
pia mater
combining form of “cerebrum”
cerebr/o
combining form of “cranium” or “skull”
crani/o
combining form of “brain”
encephal/o
combining form of “ganglion” or “knot like mass”
gangli/o
combining form of “neurological tissue”
gli/o
combining form of “movement”
kinesi/o
combining form of “thin” or “slender”
lept/o
combining form of “word” or “phrase”
lex/o
(1 of 2) combining form of “meninges” which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
mening/o
(2 of 2) combining form of “meninges” which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
meningi/o
combining form of “bone marrow” or “spinal cord”
myel/o
combining form of “stupor” or “numbness”
narc/o
combining form of “nerve”
neur/o
combining form of “nerve root”
radicul/o
combining form of “strength”
sthen/o
combining form of “thalamus”
thalam/o
combining form of “sheath” but also used to refer to the meninges
thec/o
combining form of “tension”
ton/o
combining form of “ventricle” either the heart or the brain
ventricul/o
(1 of 2) suffix for “pain”
-algesia
(2 of 2) suffix for “pain”
-algia
suffix for “weakness” or “debility”
-asthenia
suffix for “feeling”
-esthesia
suffix for “movement”
-kinesia
suffix for “seizure”
-lepsy
suffix for “partial paralysis”
-paresis
suffix for “speech”
-phasia
suffix for “full paralysis”
-plegia
suffix for “order” or “coordination”
-taxia
prefix for “thick”
pachy-
prefix for “near” or “beyond”
para-
inflammation of the nerve root associated with the spinal column
radiculitis
involuntary movement
dyskinesia
stroke caused by the narrowing of the arteries in the brain or the neck
ischemic stroke
sudden rupture of an artery inside the brain
intracerebral hemorrhage
blood released into the space surrounding the brain
subarachnoid hemorrage
inability to speak
aphasia
lack of muscle coordination
ataxia
a clot-busting medication given during a stroke
thrombolytic
mental disorder where there is a severe loss of contact with reality
psychosis
mental disorder caused by an emotion experienced in the past that overwhelmingly interferes with present emotion
neurosis
inability to comprehend visual, auditory, spacial, olfactory, or other sensations even through the sensory sphere is intact
agnosia
condition of weakness or loss of strength
asthenia
lack of muscle coordination or control
ataxia
any sudden or violent muscle contraction
convulsion
inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence and exposure
dyslexia
autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation fo the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed. Weak nerve impulses and loss of reflex are sx
Guillan-Barre syndrome
inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements and mental deterioration
Huntington chorea
congenital deformity where some or all of the fetal brain is missing
anencephaly
congenital deformity of the neural tube which fails to close during fetal development (lower spine issues)
spina bifida
sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity
paresthesia
The technical term for the condition of polio, causes the gray matter of the spinal chord to to enflame and paralysis
poliomyelitis
acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver, and possibly other organs
Reye syndrome
