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Medical Terminology > Exam 2 - Chapter 7: Respiratory System (by definition) > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chapter 7: Respiratory System (by definition) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

microscopic hairlike structures in the respiratory system

A

cilia

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2
Q

to move or spread out at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external force

A

diffuse

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3
Q

moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment, sometimes called mucosa

A

mucous membrane

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4
Q

a wall dividing two cavities

A

septum

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5
Q

thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; sometimes called serosa

A

serous membrane

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6
Q

receptors for the sense of smell

A

olfactory neurons

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7
Q

the throat

A

pharynx

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8
Q

one of the three divisions of the pharynx; sits in the posterior of the nose

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

one of the three divisions of the pharynx, sits in the posterior of the mouth

A

oropharynx

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10
Q

one of the three divisions of the pharynx, sits just above the larynx

A

laryngopharynx

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11
Q

the pharyngeal tonsils

A

adenoids

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12
Q

what we commonly know as tonsils; sits in the oropharynx

A

palantine tonsils

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13
Q

sometimes called the voice box, contains the structures that make vocal sound possible.

A

larynx

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14
Q

leaf-shaped cartilage and flesh portion of the throat that covers the passage to the lungs while swallowing

A

epiglottis

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15
Q

the two immediate tubes descending from the trachea and into the lungs

A

bronchi

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16
Q

bronchi divide into smaller and smaller tubes, eventually becoming these structures

A

bronchioles

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17
Q

tiny air sacs that sit at the end of the bronchioles, expanding and contracting with the flow of air

A

alveoli

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18
Q

tiny blood vessels that lie next to the thin tissue membranes of the alveoli

A

pulmonary capillaries

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19
Q

the space between the right and left lungs, containing the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi

A

mediastinum

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20
Q

the serous membrane that covers the lobes of the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity

A

pleura

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21
Q

the serous membrane lying closest to the lungs and organs

A

visceral pleura

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22
Q

the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

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23
Q

a fancy word for “breathing in”

A

inspiration

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24
Q

a fancy word for breathing

A

pulmonary ventilation

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25
Q

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capilaries

A

external respiration

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26
Q

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body cells and the blood cells in systematic capiliaries

A

internal respiration

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27
Q

combining form of “nose”

A

nas/o

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28
Q

combining form of “nose”

A

rhin/o

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29
Q

combining form of “septum”

A

sept/o

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30
Q

combining form of “sinus”

A

sinus/o

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31
Q

combining form of “adenoids”

A

adenoid/o

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32
Q

combining form of “tonsils”

A

tonsill/o

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33
Q

combining form of “pharynx”

A

pharyng/o

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34
Q

combining form of “epiglottis”

A

epiglott/o

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35
Q

combining form of “larynx”

A

laryng/o

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36
Q

combining form of “trachea”

A

trache/o

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37
Q

combining form of “bronchi”

A

bronchi/o

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38
Q

combining form of “bronchiole”

A

bronchiol/o

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39
Q

combining form of “alveoli”

A

alveol/o

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40
Q

combining form of “pleura”

A

pleur/o

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41
Q

combining form of “lung”

A

pneum/o

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42
Q

combining form of “lung”

A

pneumon/o

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43
Q

combining form of “lung”

A

pulmon/o

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44
Q

combining form of “coal” and “coal dust”

A

anthrac/o

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45
Q

medical term for “black lung”

A

anthracosis

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46
Q

combining form of “incomplete” or “imperfect”

A

atel/o

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47
Q

collapsed lung

A

atelectasis

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48
Q

combining form of “dust”

A

coni/o

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49
Q

condition of having dust in the lungs

A

pneumoconiosis

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50
Q

combining form of “blue”

A

cyan/o

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51
Q

combining form of “lobe”

A

lob/o

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52
Q

combining form of “straight”

A

orth/o

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53
Q

combining form of “oxygen”

A

ox/i or ox/o

54
Q

combining form of “chest”

A

pector/o

55
Q

combining form of “chest”

A

steth/o

56
Q

combining form of “chest”

A

thorac/o

57
Q

combining form of “diaphram” though also “mind”

A

phren/o

58
Q

combining form of “breathe”

A

spir/o

59
Q

suffix for “carbon dioxide”

A

-capnia

60
Q

term for excessive or above normal carbon dioxide levels

A

hypercapnia

61
Q

suffix for “smell”

A

-osmia

62
Q

condition where a person cannot smell

A

anosmia

63
Q

suffix for “voice”

A

-phonia

64
Q

suffix for “breathing”

A

-pnea

65
Q

suffix for “spitting”

A

-ptysis

66
Q

term for spitting up blood

A

hemoptysis

67
Q

suffix for “chest”

A

-thorax

68
Q

the medical study of disorders of the respiratory system

A

pulmonology

69
Q

any of a range of disorders that cause obstruction to the air passages

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders

70
Q

The general classification for any of a range of disorders that cause obstruction to the air passages

A

COPD

71
Q

inflammation of the bronchi caused mainly by smoking and air pollution, but can be caused by infection

A

chronic bronchitis

72
Q

condition with decreased elasticity of the alveoli, often causing a characteristic “barrel chested” appearance

A

emphysema

73
Q

one of three forms of acute respiratory disease; often associated with worldwide epidemics. Extremely contagious

A

influenza type A

74
Q

one of three forms of acute respiratory disease; contagious but often geographically limited

A

influenza type B

75
Q

one of three forms of acute respiratory disease; very mild and not associated with epidemics

A

influenza type C

76
Q

Any abnormal amount of fluid in the pleural cavity

A

pleural effusion

77
Q

one of two types of effusions; a noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with less protein that results from an imbalance in venous-arterial pressure

A

transudate

78
Q

one of two types of effusions; has high protein and commonly contains blood and immune cells; common causes include tumors, infections, and inflammation

A

exudate

79
Q

surgical puncture of the chest, often used to repair a collapsed lung

A

thoracocentesis

80
Q

a communicable disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberulosis.

A

tuberculosis

81
Q

inflammatory nodules that grow as a side effect of tuberculosis infection

A

tubercles

82
Q

inflammatory disease of the lungs; can come from many different causes

A

penumonia

83
Q

a hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands that causes the body to secrete extremely thick mucus; clogs ducts of the pancreas and digestive tract, clogs the lungs and sweat glands

A

cystic fibrosis

84
Q

test given to measure the amount of salt excreted in sweat; used to diagnose cystic fibrosis

A

sweat test

85
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome; a condition in which the lungs no longer function effectively because the individual alveoli have filled with fluid

A

ARDS

86
Q

also called infant respiratory distress syndrome, often seen in children born to diabetic mothers. Occurs when insufficient surfectant, a phospholipid that keeps alveoli open, causing labored breathing and sometimes death

A

HMD, Hyaline membrane disease

87
Q

cancerous masses forming on the bronchial tree that block air passages

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

88
Q

condition caused by extreme acidity of body fluids

A

acidosis

89
Q

absence of the sense of smell

A

anosmia

90
Q

temporary loss of breathing

A

apnea

91
Q

condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

A

asphyxia

92
Q

collapsed or airless condition of the lung

A

atelectasis

93
Q

Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration; first deeply, then shallow

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

94
Q

condition caused by acute inflammation of the membranes in the nose, sometimes called upper respiratory infection

A

coryza

95
Q

common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and lungs

A

croup

96
Q

nasal hemorrhage, also called a nosebleed

A

epistaxis

97
Q

enlargement of the terminal phalanges commonly associated with pulmonary disease

A

finger clubbing

98
Q

oxygen deficiency in arterial blood

A

hypoxemia

99
Q

oxygen deficiency in body tissues

A

hypoxia

100
Q

acute infectious disease also called “whooping cough”

A

pertussis

101
Q

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or heavy breathing

A

pleurisy

102
Q

disease caused by inhaling dust particles

A

pneumoconiosis

103
Q

disease caused by inhaling coal dust particles

A

anthracosis

104
Q

disease caused by inhaling stone dust particles

A

chalicosis

105
Q

disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles

A

asbestosis

106
Q

fluid in the lungs, commonly caused by heart failure

A

pulmonary adema

107
Q

blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, etc)

A

pulmonary embolism

108
Q

the abnormal breathing heard through osculation of an obstructed airway

A

rhonchus

109
Q

high pitched, harsh breathing sound caused by a spasm, swelling of the larynx, or obstruction in the upper airway

A

stridor

110
Q

lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in a mist form directly to the lungs

A

aerosol therapy

111
Q

washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material (i.e. a netti pot)

A

antral lavage

112
Q

noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen. It’s the little plastic probe attached to a patient’s finger

A

oximetry

113
Q

test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and other methods

A

polysomnography

114
Q

method of positioning a patient such that gravity aids the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs

A

postural drainage

115
Q

variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function (running on the treadmill, etc)

A

pulmonary function tests

116
Q

test to measure the capacity of the lungs, including time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air

A

spirometry

117
Q

procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

A

endotracheal intubation

118
Q

removal of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura

A

pleurectomy

119
Q

removal of a lung or part of a lung

A

pneumectomy

120
Q

surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum

A

septoplasty

121
Q

surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity

A

thoracentesis

122
Q

surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

A

tracheostomy

123
Q

a fancier name for a TB (tuberculosis) test

A

Mantoux test

124
Q

visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope

A

bronchoscopy

125
Q

visual examination of the mediastinal structures, inclduing the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

A

mediastinoscopy

126
Q

test that measures dissolved carbon dioxide and oxygen in arterial blood

A

ABG (arterial blood gas) test

127
Q

minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of pulmonary arteries

A

CTPA

128
Q

minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of pulmonary arteries

A

computed tomography pulmonary angiography

129
Q

cough suppressant medicine

A

antitussives

130
Q

act on the immune system by blocking the production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions

A

corticosteroids

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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