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Medical Terminology > Exam 3 - Chapter 11: Urinary system > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Chapter 11: Urinary system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral salt that carries an electrical charge when in solution

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2
Q

filtrate

A

fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into the Bowman capsule

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3
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

product of protein metabolism that includes urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia

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4
Q

peristaltic wave

A

sequence of rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow

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5
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity

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6
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of the blood that’s filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolve wastes

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7
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone secreted by the kidneys that regulates the production of red blood cells

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8
Q

retroperitoneal

A

when something exists outside of the peritoneum, such as the kidneys

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9
Q

hilum

A

an opening through which the renal artery enters and the renal vein exits the kidney

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10
Q

renal pelvis

A

the hollow chamber inside the kidney where the ureter merges with the kidney

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11
Q

ureteral orifice

A

area where urine enters the bladder from the ureter

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12
Q

rugae

A

small folds in the bladder that expand when filled

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13
Q

trigone

A

a triangular area at the base of the bladder that denotes the start of the urethra

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14
Q

urinary meatus

A

the urethral opening

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15
Q

albumin/o

A

combining form of “albumin” or “protein”

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16
Q

azot/o

A

combining form of “nitrogenous compounds”

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17
Q

bacteri/o

A

combining form of “bacteria”

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18
Q

cyst/o

A

one of two combining forms of “bladder”

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19
Q

vesic/o

A

one of two combining forms of “bladder”

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20
Q

glomerul/o

A

combining form of “glomerulus,” the wad of capillaries in the Bowman capsule

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21
Q

kal/i

A

combining form of “potassium”

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22
Q

keton/o

A

combining form of “ketone bodies”

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23
Q

lith/o

A

combining form of “stone”

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24
Q

meat/o

A

combining form of “opening” or “meatus”

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25
Q

nephr/o

A

one of two combining form of “kidney”

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26
Q

ren/o

A

one of two combining form of “kidney”

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27
Q

noct/o

A

combining form of “night”

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28
Q

olig/o

A

combining form of “scanty”

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29
Q

py/o

A

combining form of “pus”

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30
Q

pyel/o

A

combining form of “renal pelvis”

31
Q

ur/o

A

combining form of “urine” or “urinary tract”

32
Q

ureter/o

A

combining form of “ureter”

33
Q

urethr/o

A

combining form of “urethra”

34
Q

-gensis

A

suffix for “forming” or “producing” or “origin”

35
Q

-iasis

A

suffix for “abnormal condition”

36
Q

-uria

A

suffix for “urine”

37
Q

dia-

A

prefix for “through” or “across”

38
Q

retro

A

prefix for “backward” or “behind”

39
Q

nephritis

A

infection or swelling of the kidney

40
Q

pyelonephritis

A

kidney infection

41
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

42
Q

nephralgia

A

pain in the kidneys

43
Q

calculi

A

another name for stones that form either in the urinary tract or in the kidneys themselves

44
Q

ureterolithiasis

A

kidney stones lodged in the ureters

45
Q

colic

A

the intense, throbbing pain of having stones caught in your ureters

46
Q

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A

removal of a kidney stone through a small incision and a nephroscope into the kidney

47
Q

acute tubular necrosis

A

when the tubular portion of the nephron is injured by a decrease in blood supply or after the ingestion of toxic chemicals

48
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urine production

49
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of the bladder

50
Q

intravesical

A

when something is delivered directly to the bladder

51
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine production or output

52
Q

bladder neck obstruction

A

blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

53
Q

cytocele

A

prolapsing or downward placement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between a woman’s bladder and vagina

54
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

55
Q

end-stage renal disease

A

any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant

56
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine, also called incontinence

57
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

58
Q

hydronephrosis

A

abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction to the urinary tract

59
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy

60
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

61
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

an impairment of bladder function due to a brain or nerve condition

62
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

inherited disease in which sacs of fluid calls cysts develop on the kidneys

63
Q

urgency

A

sensation of needing to void immediately

64
Q

vesicoureteral reflux

A

disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter

65
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children

66
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

special form of dialysis where toxic substances are removed from the body by usingg the peritoneal membrane as the filter by flushing the peritoneal cavity with warm, sterile chemical solution

67
Q

nephropexy

A

Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney

68
Q

nephrostomy

A

passage of a tube through the skin and into the renal pelvis to drain urine to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters refuse to do so

69
Q

stent placement

A

insertion of a mesh tube into a natural passage conduit in the body to prevent localized flow due to constriction

70
Q

urethrotomy

A

incision of a urethral structure

71
Q

electromyography

A

measures the contraction of the muscles that control urination using electrodes places in the rectum and urethra

72
Q

cystoscopy

A

examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, biopsies, or other reasons using an endoscope

73
Q

culture and sensitivity

A

determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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