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Medical Terminology > Exam 2 - Chapter 7: Respiratory System (by term) > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chapter 7: Respiratory System (by term) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cilia

A

microscopic hairlike structures in the respiratory system

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2
Q

diffuse

A

to move or spread out at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external force

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3
Q

mucous membrane

A

moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment, sometimes called mucosa

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4
Q

septum

A

a wall dividing two cavities

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5
Q

serous membrane

A

thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; sometimes called serosa

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6
Q

olfactory neurons

A

receptors for the sense of smell

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7
Q

pharynx

A

the throat

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8
Q

nasopharynx

A

one of the three divisions of the pharynx; sits in the posterior of the nose

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9
Q

oropharynx

A

one of the three divisions of the pharynx, sits in the posterior of the mouth

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10
Q

laryngopharynx

A

one of the three divisions of the pharynx, sits just above the larynx

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11
Q

adenoids

A

the pharyngeal tonsils

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12
Q

palantine tonsils

A

what we commonly know as tonsils; sits in the oropharynx

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13
Q

larynx

A

sometimes called the voice box, contains the structures that make vocal sound possible.

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14
Q

epiglottis

A

leaf-shaped cartilage and flesh portion of the throat that covers the passage to the lungs while swallowing

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15
Q

bronchi

A

the two immediate tubes descending from the trachea and into the lungs

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16
Q

bronchioles

A

bronchi divide into smaller and smaller tubes, eventually becoming these structures

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17
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs that sit at the end of the bronchioles, expanding and contracting with the flow of air

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18
Q

pulmonary capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels that lie next to the thin tissue membranes of the alveoli

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19
Q

mediastinum

A

the space between the right and left lungs, containing the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi

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20
Q

pleura

A

the serous membrane that covers the lobes of the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity

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21
Q

visceral pleura

A

the serous membrane lying closest to the lungs and organs

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22
Q

parietal pleura

A

the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity

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23
Q

inspiration

A

a fancy word for “breathing in”

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24
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

a fancy word for breathing

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25
Q

external respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capilaries

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26
Q

internal respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body cells and the blood cells in systematic capiliaries

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27
Q

nas/o

A

combining form of “nose”

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28
Q

rhin/o

A

combining form of “nose”

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29
Q

sept/o

A

combining form of “septum”

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30
Q

sinus/o

A

combining form of “sinus”

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31
Q

adenoid/o

A

combining form of “adenoids”

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32
Q

tonsill/o

A

combining form of “tonsils”

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33
Q

pharyng/o

A

combining form of “pharynx”

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34
Q

epiglott/o

A

combining form of “epiglottis”

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35
Q

laryng/o

A

combining form of “larynx”

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36
Q

trache/o

A

combining form of “trachea”

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37
Q

bronchi/o

A

combining form of “bronchi”

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38
Q

bronchiol/o

A

combining form of “bronchiole”

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39
Q

alveol/o

A

combining form of “alveoli”

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40
Q

pleur/o

A

combining form of “pleura”

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41
Q

pneum/o

A

combining form of “lung”

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42
Q

pneumon/o

A

combining form of “lung”

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43
Q

pulmon/o

A

combining form of “lung”

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44
Q

anthrac/o

A

combining form of “coal” and “coal dust”

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45
Q

anthracosis

A

medical term for “black lung”

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46
Q

atel/o

A

combining form of “incomplete” or “imperfect”

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47
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

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48
Q

coni/o

A

combining form of “dust”

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49
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

condition of having dust in the lungs

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50
Q

cyan/o

A

combining form of “blue”

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51
Q

lob/o

A

combining form of “lobe”

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52
Q

orth/o

A

combining form of “straight”

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53
Q

ox/i or ox/o

A

combining form of “oxygen”

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54
Q

pector/o

A

combining form of “chest”

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55
Q

steth/o

A

combining form of “chest”

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56
Q

thorac/o

A

combining form of “chest”

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57
Q

phren/o

A

combining form of “diaphram” though also “mind”

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58
Q

spir/o

A

combining form of “breathe”

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59
Q

-capnia

A

suffix for “carbon dioxide”

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60
Q

hypercapnia

A

term for excessive or above normal carbon dioxide levels

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61
Q

-osmia

A

suffix for “smell”

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62
Q

anosmia

A

condition where a person cannot smell

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63
Q

-phonia

A

suffix for “voice”

64
Q

-pnea

A

suffix for “breathing”

65
Q

-ptysis

A

suffix for “spitting”

66
Q

hemoptysis

A

term for spitting up blood

67
Q

-thorax

A

suffix for “chest”

68
Q

pulmonology

A

the medical study of disorders of the respiratory system

69
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders

A

any of a range of disorders that cause obstruction to the air passages

70
Q

COPD

A

The general classification for any of a range of disorders that cause obstruction to the air passages

71
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi caused mainly by smoking and air pollution, but can be caused by infection

72
Q

emphysema

A

condition with decreased elasticity of the alveoli, often causing a characteristic “barrel chested” appearance

73
Q

influenza type A

A

one of three forms of acute respiratory disease; often associated with worldwide epidemics. Extremely contagious

74
Q

influenza type B

A

one of three forms of acute respiratory disease; contagious but often geographically limited

75
Q

influenza type C

A

one of three forms of acute respiratory disease; very mild and not associated with epidemics

76
Q

pleural effusion

A

Any abnormal amount of fluid in the pleural cavity

77
Q

transudate

A

one of two types of effusions; a noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with less protein that results from an imbalance in venous-arterial pressure

78
Q

exudate

A

one of two types of effusions; has high protein and commonly contains blood and immune cells; common causes include tumors, infections, and inflammation

79
Q

thoracocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the chest, often used to repair a collapsed lung

80
Q

tuberculosis

A

a communicable disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberulosis.

81
Q

tubercles

A

inflammatory nodules that grow as a side effect of tuberculosis infection

82
Q

penumonia

A

inflammatory disease of the lungs; can come from many different causes

83
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

a hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands that causes the body to secrete extremely thick mucus; clogs ducts of the pancreas and digestive tract, clogs the lungs and sweat glands

84
Q

sweat test

A

test given to measure the amount of salt excreted in sweat; used to diagnose cystic fibrosis

85
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome; a condition in which the lungs no longer function effectively because the individual alveoli have filled with fluid

86
Q

HMD, Hyaline membrane disease

A

also called infant respiratory distress syndrome, often seen in children born to diabetic mothers. Occurs when insufficient surfectant, a phospholipid that keeps alveoli open, causing labored breathing and sometimes death

87
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

cancerous masses forming on the bronchial tree that block air passages

88
Q

acidosis

A

condition caused by extreme acidity of body fluids

89
Q

anosmia

A

absence of the sense of smell

90
Q

apnea

A

temporary loss of breathing

91
Q

asphyxia

A

condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

92
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed or airless condition of the lung

93
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration; first deeply, then shallow

94
Q

coryza

A

condition caused by acute inflammation of the membranes in the nose, sometimes called upper respiratory infection

95
Q

croup

A

common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and lungs

96
Q

epistaxis

A

nasal hemorrhage, also called a nosebleed

97
Q

finger clubbing

A

enlargement of the terminal phalanges commonly associated with pulmonary disease

98
Q

hypoxemia

A

oxygen deficiency in arterial blood

99
Q

hypoxia

A

oxygen deficiency in body tissues

100
Q

pertussis

A

acute infectious disease also called “whooping cough”

101
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or heavy breathing

102
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

disease caused by inhaling dust particles

103
Q

anthracosis

A

disease caused by inhaling coal dust particles

104
Q

chalicosis

A

disease caused by inhaling stone dust particles

105
Q

asbestosis

A

disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles

106
Q

pulmonary adema

A

fluid in the lungs, commonly caused by heart failure

107
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, etc)

108
Q

rhonchus

A

the abnormal breathing heard through osculation of an obstructed airway

109
Q

stridor

A

high pitched, harsh breathing sound caused by a spasm, swelling of the larynx, or obstruction in the upper airway

110
Q

aerosol therapy

A

lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in a mist form directly to the lungs

111
Q

antral lavage

A

washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material (i.e. a netti pot)

112
Q

oximetry

A

noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen. It’s the little plastic probe attached to a patient’s finger

113
Q

polysomnography

A

test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and other methods

114
Q

postural drainage

A

method of positioning a patient such that gravity aids the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs

115
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function (running on the treadmill, etc)

116
Q

spirometry

A

test to measure the capacity of the lungs, including time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air

117
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

118
Q

pleurectomy

A

removal of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura

119
Q

pneumectomy

A

removal of a lung or part of a lung

120
Q

septoplasty

A

surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum

121
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity

122
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

123
Q

Mantoux test

A

a fancier name for a TB (tuberculosis) test

124
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope

125
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

visual examination of the mediastinal structures, inclduing the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

126
Q

ABG (arterial blood gas) test

A

test that measures dissolved carbon dioxide and oxygen in arterial blood

127
Q

CTPA

A

minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of pulmonary arteries

128
Q

computed tomography pulmonary angiography

A

minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of pulmonary arteries

129
Q

antitussives

A

cough suppressant medicine

130
Q

corticosteroids

A

act on the immune system by blocking the production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions

131
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas

132
Q

AFB

A

acid-fast bacillus (TB organism)

133
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

134
Q

CA

A

cancer

135
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

136
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

137
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

138
Q

CTPA

A

computed tomography pulmonary angiography

139
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

140
Q

DPI

A

dry powder inhaler

141
Q

DPT

A

diptheria, pertussus, tetanus shot

142
Q

HB

A

hemoglobin

143
Q

HMD

A

hyaline membrane disease

144
Q

IRDS

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome

145
Q

MDI

A

metered-dose inhaler

146
Q

NMT

A

nebulized mist treatment

147
Q

PA

A

postanterior, or possibly pernicious anemia

148
Q

PCP

A

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

149
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function test

150
Q

PND

A

paroxymal nocturnal dyspnea

151
Q

RD

A

respiratory distress

152
Q

RDS

A

respiratory distress syndrome

153
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

154
Q

T&A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

155
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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