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Medical Terminology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  1. Pulmonary parenchyma:
A

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.

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2
Q
  1. Laryngectomy:
A

removal of larynx or voice box.

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3
Q
  1. Phren/o:
A

diaphragm

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4
Q
  1. Asbestosis:
A

abnormal condition of asbestos fiber particles in the lungs.

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5
Q
  1. Orthopnea:
A

Breathing is only comfortable when the patient is in an upright position.

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6
Q
  1. Pyothorax:
A

pus collection in the pleural cavity.

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7
Q
  1. DPT:
A

diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (vaccine)

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8
Q
  1. Lung sounds:
A

+ Rales (crackles): abnormal, fine, crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli. These popping or clicking sounds can be heard in patients with pneumonia, bronchiectasis, or acute bronchitis.

+ Stridor: Strained, high-pitched sounds heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. Common causes of stridor include throat abscess, airway injury, croup, allergic reaction, epiglottitis and laryngitis.

+ Wheezes: wheezes are heard when air forced through narrowed or obstructed airways. Asthma as bronchi narrow and tighten.

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9
Q
  1. Atelectasis:
A

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli.
- 2 forms:
+ Proximal obstruction of distal airway.
+ Collection of fluid, blood and air in pleural cavity.

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10
Q
  1. Expectoration:
A

Material is expelled from the lung.

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11
Q
  1. Pulmonary abscess:
A

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.

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12
Q
  1. Hemoptysis:
A

spitting up blood from the respiratory tract.

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13
Q
  1. COPD:
A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

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14
Q
  1. Endoscopic exam of lungs:

bronchoscopy

A

bronchoscopy: fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tube:
⇒ place the bronchoscope through the throat, larynx, and trachea into the bronchi for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of secretions.

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15
Q
  1. Hypercapnia vs Hypoxemia
A

Hypercapnia: Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.

Hypoxemia: Tissues have a decreased amount of oxygen, and cyanosis can result

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16
Q
  1. Thoracotomy:
A

Large surgical incision of the chest.

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17
Q
  1. Bacillus:
A

rod-shaped bacteria (cause of tuberculosis)

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18
Q
  1. Laryngoscopy:
A

to examine the voice box (a lighted, flexible endoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the larynx.

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19
Q
  1. Hemoglobin:
A

blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.

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20
Q
  1. Vaccination:
A

introduction of vaccine (containing dead or weakened antigen) to produce immunity. It is a type of acquired immunity.

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21
Q

Parts of long bones

A

slide 13

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22
Q
  1. Differentiate anemias
A

decrease number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin within the red blood cells.
Aplastic anemia: failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells

Hemolytic anemia: reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Pernicious anemia: lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

Sickle cell: hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis

Thalassemia: an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia

Hemochromatosis: excess iron deposits throughout the body

Polycythemia vera: general increase in red blood cells

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23
Q
  1. Immature blood cells:
A

reticulocyte, myelocytes, megakaryocyte, erythroblast.

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24
Q
  1. Polycythemia vera vs Hemochromatosis:
A

Polycythemia vera: increase in numbers of red blood cells (erythremia)

Hemochromatosis: Excessive deposits of iron throughout the body.

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25
Q
  1. Hemophilia:
A

excessive bleeding caused by the lack one of the protein substances necessary for blood clotting;

patients often bleed into weight-bearing joints, especially the ankles and knees.

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26
Q
  1. Coagulation time vs Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Sed rate)
A

Coagulation time: time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube. Normal time is less than 15 minutes.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Sed rate) : speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma.

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27
Q
  1. Hematocrit vs Sed rate:
A

Hematocrit: percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Sed rate : speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma.

28
Q
  1. Edema (swelling) vs Petechiae:
A

Edema (swelling): results when too much fluid from blood “leaks” out into tissues.

Petechiae: are tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages.

29
Q
  1. Immunoglobins:
A

Antibodies secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen

30
Q
  1. Relapse vs Remission
A

Relapse: sliding or falling back; as in recurrence of symptoms or decline after apparent recovery.

Remission: disappearance of symptoms of disease.

31
Q
  1. Interstitial fluid:
A

Fluid that fills the spaces in b/w cells, becomes lymph in lymph capillaries.

32
Q
  1. Areas of lymph nodes:
A 
Lymph capillaries
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Cervical (neck)
Axillary (armpit)
Mediastinal (chest)
Mesenteric (intestinal)
Paraaortic (lumbar)
Inguinal (groin)
Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
33
Q
  1. T-cells:
A

Lymphocyte

  • originating in the thymus gland
  • destroys antigens by direct action
  • produces cytokines such as interferons and interleukins.
34
Q
  1. Tonsils vs Adenoids:
A

Tonsils: masses of lymphatic tissue on the either side of the back oropharynx

Adenoids: small masses of lymphatic tissue in the throat, close to the nasal passageway nasopharynx

35
Q
  1. Bone marrow
A

Yellow marrow: chiefly fat

Red marrow: rich with blood vessels and immature and mature blood cells in various stages of development; in later life replaced with yellow marrow; hematopoieses is the formation of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow

Ribs, pelvic bone, sternum, vertebrae, epiphyses of long bones

36
Q
  1. Lymphocytosis
A

Increase in the numbers of lymphocytes in the bloodstream.

37
Q
  1. HIV
A

Virus (retrovirus) that cause AIDS

38
Q
  1. Hodgkin disease
A

Hodgkin disease (Reed-Sternberg cell)

39
Q
  1. Herpes simplex
A

HPV

40
Q
  1. Skin cancer seen in AIDS
A

Kaposi sarcoma: arises from the lining of the capillaries and appears red, purple, brown, black skin nodules

41
Q
  1. Opportunistic lung disease seen in AIDS
A

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), tuberculosis (TB)

42
Q
  1. Cancellous bone
A

spongy, porous bone tissue, inner part of a bone (Trabecular bone)

43
Q
  1. Shoulder bone
A

Acromion: outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.

44
Q
  1. Bones of the face
A 
Nasal bones
Lacrimal bones
Maxillary bones
Mandibular bones
Zygomatic bones
Vomer
45
Q
  1. Bones of cranium
A 
Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone	
Ethmoid bone
46
Q
  1. Diaphysis vs epiphysis
A

Diaphysis: shaft
Epiphysis: end

47
Q
  1. Subluxation of the vertebra
A

partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its joint

trat khop

48
Q
  1. Spinal deformities
A

can happen when unnatural curvature occurs;

due to defect or damage to the spine (scoliosis, kyphosis, spondylolisthesis, ankylosing spondylitis)

49
Q
  1. skeletal bones
A

general

50
Q
  1. Osteomyelitis vs osteoporosis
A

Osteomyelitis: inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Osteoporosis: abnormal condition of increased loss of bony tissue. Bones become thin, weak, and brittle ad break easily (loang xuong)

51
Q
  1. Fractures
A 
Femur
  - Comminuted fracture
  - Greenstick fracture
Humerus
  - Compound fracture
  - Impacted fracture
wrist
  - Colles fracture
Spine
  - Compression fracture
52
Q
  1. Kyphosis vs ankylosis
A

Kyphosis: abnormal condition of outward curvature (convexity) of the thoracic spine

Ankylosis: immobility (fusion) of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure.

Kyphosis : tat gu ; convexity: do loi
ankylosis : chung cung lien khop

53
Q
  1. Rheumatoid arthritis vs osteoarthritis
A

Rheumatoid arthritis: viem khop mang tinh (ban tay, co tay, dau goi , ban chan)

Osteoarthritis: viem xuong va khop

54
Q
  1. Leiomyosarcoma vs leiomyoma
A

Leiomyosarcoma: malignant tumor of smooth muscle

Leiomyoma: benign tumor of smooth muscle

55
Q
  1. Supination vs pronation
A

Supination: Turning the palm upward

Pronation: Turning the palm downward

56
Q
  1. Skeletal vs Visceral
A

Skeletal muscle: striated muscle ( connected to bones)

Visceral muscle: smooth muscle ( connected to internal organs)

57
Q
  1. Endotracheal intubation
A

tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway

58
Q
  1. Myeloid
A

derived from bone marrow

59
Q
  1. Pertussis
A

whooping cough

60
Q
  1. electrophoresis
A

tach serum

61
Q
  1. Poikilocytosis
A

Abnormal shape of red blood cells

62
Q
  1. Hematopoietic stem cell
A

an undifferentiated blood cell

63
Q
  1. Acute lymphocytic leukemia
A

symptoms of pallor, shortness of breath, infection, bleeding
gums…

pallor: xanh xao

64
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO) vs Colony stimulating factor (CSF)

A

Erythropoietin (EPO): hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cells formation.

Colony stimulating factor (CSF): protein stimulating formation of white blood cells.

65
Q

Shape and form of blood cells

A 
Ansiocytosis
Hypochromia = less hemoglobin 
Macrocytosis
Microcytosis
Poikilocytosis
Spherocytosis (rounded)
66
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

67
Q

Leukocytosis

A

A slight increase in normal white blood cells-> occurs as white blood cells multiply to fight an infection

Khac voi Leukemia

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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