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Medical Terminology > Chapter 22 Psychiatry > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Psychiatry Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  • Psychiatry:
A

Psychiatry is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness.

  • Psychiatrist-MD
  • Forensic Psychiatrist- Deal with legal aspects of psychiatry
  • Psychologist-PhD
  • Clinical psychologist-Master’s

School Psychologist-Trained to test children, see slide #9

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2
Q

Tools Used by Psychiatrists

A
  • Psychotherapy-Tx
  • Psychoanalysis-Analysis of present problem
  • Drug therapy-Adjunct to the above
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3
Q

Tools Used by Clinical Psychologists

A
  • Psychotherapy
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Intelligence tests
  • Mental processing tests
  • Memory tests
  • Personality tests
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4
Q

Psychiatric Clinical Symptoms

A 
Abnormalities in behavior evident to examining health professionals
Amnesia
Anxiety
Apathy 
Autistic thought 
Compulsion
Conversion
Delusion
Dissociation
Dysphoria
Euphoria
Hallucination
Labile
Mania
Mutism
Obsession
Paranoia
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5
Q
  • Psychiatric Disorders
A
  • Sigmund Freud and personality structure:
    + Id-Unconcious
    + Ego-Central coordinating branch of the personality
    + Superego-Internalized
  • Defense mechanisms
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6
Q
  • Psychiatric Disorders (cont’d)
A
  • Anxiety disorders-GAD, worry…
  • Delirium and dementia-Drug withdrawal
  • Dissociative disorders-loss of personality or split
  • Eating disorders-Bulemia
  • Mood disorders-Bi-Polar
  • Personality disorders-Schizophrenia
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7
Q
  • Anxiety Disorders
A

Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress,
troubled feelings, and avoidance behavior

  • Phobic disorders: agoraphobia, acrophobia, claustrophobia, zoophobia
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): recurrent thoughts, repetitive acts, rituals
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder: fear, helplessness, insomnia, nightmares
  • Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings
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8
Q
  • Delirium and Dementia
A

Disorders of abnormal cognition (thinking, perception, reasoning, judgment)

  • Delirium: mental confusion, incoherent speech, sensory misperception, disorientation, memory impairment
  • Dementia: gradual loss of intellectual abilities involving impairment of judgment, memory, abstract thinking, and personality
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9
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Chronic or sudden disturbances of memory, identity, consciousness, or perception of the environment not caused by brain damage or drugs

  • Dissociative identity disorder: two personalities take over
  • Dissociative amnesia: memory loss of personal information
  • Dissociative fugue: sudden unexpected travel
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10
Q
  • Eating Disorders
A
  • Anorexia nervosa: refusal to maintain body weight, conscious relentless attempt to diet, excessive over activity and exercise
  • Bulimia: binge and purge eating using vomiting and misuse of laxatives or enemas
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11
Q
  • Mood Disorders
A

Prolonged emotion that dominates a person’s entire mental life

  • Bipolar disorder: alternating manic and depressive episodes
  • Cyclothymic disorder: mild bipolar with at least 2 years of hypomania and numerous depressive episodes
  • Depressive disorder: major depression, severe dysphoria
  • Dysthymic disorder
  • Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
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12
Q
  • Personality Disorders
A

Impaired ways of thinking and relating to and perceiving the environment and self, leading to conflict, distress, and inflexibility

  • Antisocial-no regard
  • Borderline-severely distorted self-image and feel worthless and fundamentally flawed.-
  • Histrionic-long standing attention seeking behaviors
  • Paranoid-Unfounded fears take over
  • Narcissistic-rare- low self-esteem by developing a superficial sense of perfection and behavior that shows a need for constant admiration.
  • Schizoid-loner, lack of social ineraction
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13
Q
  • Pervasive Developmental Disorders
A
  • Autism-Now classified as a spectrum
    + Withdrawn, avoids physical and eye contact, regression as a child
    + http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/basics/symptoms/con-20021148.
  • Asperger syndrome is no longer in the DSM, some people still use the term, which is generally thought to be at the mild end of autism spectrum disorder.
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14
Q
  • Schizophrenia
A

Chronic psychotic disorder characterized by disturbed thinking and disorganized speech

  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorganized thinking
  • Flat affect
  • Social withdrawal
    + Catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, and residual types
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15
Q
  • Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders
A
  • Sexual masochism
  • Sexual sadism
  • Transvestic fetishism
  • Voyeurism
  • Exhibitionism
  • Fetishism
  • Pedophilia

A gender identity disorder: is a strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex (cross-dressing and cross-sex roles, fantasies of being the gender other than the person is).

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16
Q
  • Somatoform Disorders
A

Mental conflicts are expressed as physical symptoms

  • Conversion disorder: Repressed conflicts expressed as physical symptoms
  • Hypochondriasis: Preoccupation with bodily aches, pains, and discomforts in the absence of real illness
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17
Q
  • Substance-Related Disorders
A
  • Psychological dependence: Compulsion to take a drug despite adverse consequences
  • Physiologic dependence: Withdrawal when the drug is abruptly discontinued
  • Tolerance: Declining effect of a drug so the dose must increase
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18
Q
  • Substances Associated with Abuse
A
  • Alcohol
  • Amphetamines
  • Cannabis (marijuana)
  • Cocaine
  • Hallucinogens
  • Opioids
  • Sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics
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19
Q

Therapeutic Terminology

A
  • Psychotherapy
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
  • Drug therapy
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20
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Family therapy
Group therapy
Hypnosis

Insight-oriented psychotherapy
Play therapy
Psychoanalysis
Sex therapy
Supportive psychotherapy
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21
Q

Drug Therapies and Specific Drugs

A

slide 29

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22
Q
  • affect
A

External expression of emotion

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23
Q
  • amnesia
A

Loss of memory

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24
Q
  • anorexia nervosa
A

Eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain normal body weight

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25
Q
  • anxiety disorders
A

Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior

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26
Q
  • apathy
A

Absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement

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27
Q
  • autism
A

Pervasive developmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior

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28
Q
  • bipolar disorder
A

Mood disorder with alternating periods of mania and depression

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29
Q
  • bulimia nervosa
A

Eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression

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30
Q
  • cannabis
A

Substance from which marijuana is made

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31
Q
  • compulsion
A

Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly

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32
Q
  • conversion disorder
A

Condition marked by physical symptoms with no organic basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict

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33
Q
  • defense mechanism
A

Unconscious technique a person uses to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety

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34
Q
  • delirium
A

Confused thinking, disorientation, changes in alertness, difficulty paying attention, and fearfulness; usually reversible

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35
Q
  • delusion
A

Fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence

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36
Q
  • dementia
A

Loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgment, and reasoning as well as changes in personality

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37
Q
  • depression
A

Major mood disorder with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, and discouragement, and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts

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38
Q
  • dissociative disorder
A

Chronic or sudden disturbance in memory, identity, or consciousness

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39
Q
  • ego
A

Central coordinating branch of the personality or mind

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40
Q
  • fugue
A

Flight from customary surroundings

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41
Q
  • gender identity disorder
A

Strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex

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42
Q
  • hallucination
A

False sensory perception

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43
Q
  • id
A

Major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires

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44
Q
  • labile
A

Unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change

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45
Q
  • mania
A

Extreme excitement, hyperactive elation, and agitation

46
Q
  • mood disorders
A

Prolonged emotion dominates a person’s life

47
Q
  • mutism
A

Nonreactive state with inability to speak

48
Q
  • obsessive-compulsive disorder
A

Anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominate behavior

49
Q
  • paranoia
A

Overly suspicious system of thinking

50
Q
  • paraphilia
A

Recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects, activities, or situations

51
Q
  • personality disorders
A

Lifelong personality patterns marked by impairment of social functioning

52
Q
  • pervasive developmental disorders
A

Group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills

53
Q
  • phobia
A

Irrational or disabling fear of an object or situation

54
Q
  • post-traumatic stress disorder
A

Anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event

55
Q
  • projective (personality) test
A

Diagnostic personality test using stimuli to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual’s personality

56
Q
  • psychiatrist
A

Physician (MD) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders

57
Q

psychologist

A

Nonmedical professional specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease

58
Q

psychosis

A

Disorder marked by loss of contact with reality

59
Q

reality testing

A

Psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy

60
Q

repression

A

Defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious

61
Q

schizophrenia

A

Chronic psychotic disorder that may include hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, flat affect, and lack of initiative

62
Q

sexual disorders

A

Paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions

63
Q

somatoform disorder

A

Presence of physical symptoms that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder or other well-described mental disorder

64
Q

substance-related disorder

A

Regular overuse of psychoactive substances that affect the central nervous system

65
Q

superego

A

Internalized conscience and moral part of the personality

66
Q

amphetamines

A

CNS stimulants that may be used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and depression

67
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

Drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior

68
Q

benzodiazepines

A

Drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks

69
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

Focuses on the connection between behavior and thoughts

70
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

Electric current is used to produce convulsions and loss of consciousness; effective in the treatment of major depression

71
Q

family therapy

A

Treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts

72
Q

free association

A

Psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind

73
Q

group therapy

A

Group of patients with similar problems gains insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other

74
Q

hypnosis

A

Induced trance (state of altered consciousness)

75
Q

insight-oriented therapy

A

Face-to-face discussion of life problems and associated feelings; psychodynamic therapy

76
Q

lithium

A

Medication used to treat the manic stage of manic-depressive illness

77
Q

neuroleptic drug

A

Any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms

78
Q

phenothiazines

A

Antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs

79
Q

play therapy

A

Treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings unable to be communicated in a direct manner

80
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Treatment that allows the patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior

81
Q

psychodrama

A

Group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and social roles with others

82
Q

psychopharmacology

A

Treatment of psychiatric disorders with drugs

83
Q

sedatives

A

Drugs that lessen anxiety

84
Q

supportive psychotherapy

A

Offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events

85
Q

transference

A

Psychoanalytic process in which the patient relates to the therapist as though he/she were a prominent childhood figure

86
Q

tricyclic antidepressants

A

Drugs used to treat severe depression

87
Q

anxi/o

A

uneasy, anxious

88
Q

auto

A

self

89
Q

hallucin/o

A

hallucination

90
Q

hypn/o

A

sleep

91
Q

iatr/o

A

treatment

92
Q

ment/o

A

mind

93
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

94
Q

phil/o

A

attraction to, love

95
Q

phren/o

A

mind

96
Q

psych/o

A

mind

97
Q

schiz/o

A

split

98
Q

somat/o

A

body

99
Q

-genic

A

produced by

100
Q

-leptic

A

to seize hold of

101
Q

-mania

A

obsessive

102
Q

-phobia

A

fear

103
Q

-phoria

A

feeling

104
Q

-thymia

A

mind

105
Q

-a-, an-

A

no, not

106
Q

bi-

A

two

107
Q

cata-

A

down

108
Q

hypo-

A

deficient, less than

109
Q

para-

A

abnormal

110
Q

Fear of strangers is called:

kleptomania
agoraphobia
xenophobia
pyromania

A

C: xenophobia.

111
Q

Which of these health professionals has an MD?

Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Clinical psychologist

A

B: psychiatrist.

112
Q

An uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly is called:

delusion
compulsion
dissociation
amnesia

A

B: compulsion.

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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