Chapter 22 Psychiatry Flashcards
- Psychiatry:
Psychiatry is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness.
- Psychiatrist-MD
- Forensic Psychiatrist- Deal with legal aspects of psychiatry
- Psychologist-PhD
- Clinical psychologist-Master’s
School Psychologist-Trained to test children, see slide #9
Tools Used by Psychiatrists
- Psychotherapy-Tx
- Psychoanalysis-Analysis of present problem
- Drug therapy-Adjunct to the above
Tools Used by Clinical Psychologists
- Psychotherapy
- Psychoanalysis
- Intelligence tests
- Mental processing tests
- Memory tests
- Personality tests
Psychiatric Clinical Symptoms
Abnormalities in behavior evident to examining health professionals Amnesia Anxiety Apathy Autistic thought Compulsion Conversion Delusion Dissociation Dysphoria Euphoria Hallucination Labile Mania Mutism Obsession Paranoia
- Psychiatric Disorders
- Sigmund Freud and personality structure:
+ Id-Unconcious
+ Ego-Central coordinating branch of the personality
+ Superego-Internalized - Defense mechanisms
- Psychiatric Disorders (cont’d)
- Anxiety disorders-GAD, worry…
- Delirium and dementia-Drug withdrawal
- Dissociative disorders-loss of personality or split
- Eating disorders-Bulemia
- Mood disorders-Bi-Polar
- Personality disorders-Schizophrenia
- Anxiety Disorders
Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress,
troubled feelings, and avoidance behavior
- Phobic disorders: agoraphobia, acrophobia, claustrophobia, zoophobia
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): recurrent thoughts, repetitive acts, rituals
- Post-traumatic stress disorder: fear, helplessness, insomnia, nightmares
- Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings
- Delirium and Dementia
Disorders of abnormal cognition (thinking, perception, reasoning, judgment)
- Delirium: mental confusion, incoherent speech, sensory misperception, disorientation, memory impairment
- Dementia: gradual loss of intellectual abilities involving impairment of judgment, memory, abstract thinking, and personality
Dissociative Disorders
Chronic or sudden disturbances of memory, identity, consciousness, or perception of the environment not caused by brain damage or drugs
- Dissociative identity disorder: two personalities take over
- Dissociative amnesia: memory loss of personal information
- Dissociative fugue: sudden unexpected travel
- Eating Disorders
- Anorexia nervosa: refusal to maintain body weight, conscious relentless attempt to diet, excessive over activity and exercise
- Bulimia: binge and purge eating using vomiting and misuse of laxatives or enemas
- Mood Disorders
Prolonged emotion that dominates a person’s entire mental life
- Bipolar disorder: alternating manic and depressive episodes
- Cyclothymic disorder: mild bipolar with at least 2 years of hypomania and numerous depressive episodes
- Depressive disorder: major depression, severe dysphoria
- Dysthymic disorder
- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
- Personality Disorders
Impaired ways of thinking and relating to and perceiving the environment and self, leading to conflict, distress, and inflexibility
- Antisocial-no regard
- Borderline-severely distorted self-image and feel worthless and fundamentally flawed.-
- Histrionic-long standing attention seeking behaviors
- Paranoid-Unfounded fears take over
- Narcissistic-rare- low self-esteem by developing a superficial sense of perfection and behavior that shows a need for constant admiration.
- Schizoid-loner, lack of social ineraction
- Pervasive Developmental Disorders
- Autism-Now classified as a spectrum
+ Withdrawn, avoids physical and eye contact, regression as a child
+ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/basics/symptoms/con-20021148. - Asperger syndrome is no longer in the DSM, some people still use the term, which is generally thought to be at the mild end of autism spectrum disorder.
- Schizophrenia
Chronic psychotic disorder characterized by disturbed thinking and disorganized speech
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized thinking
- Flat affect
- Social withdrawal
+ Catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, and residual types
- Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders
- Sexual masochism
- Sexual sadism
- Transvestic fetishism
- Voyeurism
- Exhibitionism
- Fetishism
- Pedophilia
A gender identity disorder: is a strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex (cross-dressing and cross-sex roles, fantasies of being the gender other than the person is).
- Somatoform Disorders
Mental conflicts are expressed as physical symptoms
- Conversion disorder: Repressed conflicts expressed as physical symptoms
- Hypochondriasis: Preoccupation with bodily aches, pains, and discomforts in the absence of real illness
- Substance-Related Disorders
- Psychological dependence: Compulsion to take a drug despite adverse consequences
- Physiologic dependence: Withdrawal when the drug is abruptly discontinued
- Tolerance: Declining effect of a drug so the dose must increase
- Substances Associated with Abuse
- Alcohol
- Amphetamines
- Cannabis (marijuana)
- Cocaine
- Hallucinogens
- Opioids
- Sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics
Therapeutic Terminology
- Psychotherapy
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- Drug therapy
Psychotherapy
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Family therapy
Group therapy
Hypnosis
Insight-oriented psychotherapy Play therapy Psychoanalysis Sex therapy Supportive psychotherapy
Drug Therapies and Specific Drugs
slide 29
- affect
External expression of emotion
- amnesia
Loss of memory
- anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain normal body weight
- anxiety disorders
Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior
- apathy
Absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement
- autism
Pervasive developmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior
- bipolar disorder
Mood disorder with alternating periods of mania and depression
- bulimia nervosa
Eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression
- cannabis
Substance from which marijuana is made
- compulsion
Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly
- conversion disorder
Condition marked by physical symptoms with no organic basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict
- defense mechanism
Unconscious technique a person uses to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety
- delirium
Confused thinking, disorientation, changes in alertness, difficulty paying attention, and fearfulness; usually reversible
- delusion
Fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
- dementia
Loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgment, and reasoning as well as changes in personality
- depression
Major mood disorder with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, and discouragement, and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts
- dissociative disorder
Chronic or sudden disturbance in memory, identity, or consciousness
- ego
Central coordinating branch of the personality or mind
- fugue
Flight from customary surroundings
- gender identity disorder
Strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex
- hallucination
False sensory perception
- id
Major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires
- labile
Unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change
- mania
Extreme excitement, hyperactive elation, and agitation
- mood disorders
Prolonged emotion dominates a person’s life
- mutism
Nonreactive state with inability to speak
- obsessive-compulsive disorder
Anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominate behavior
- paranoia
Overly suspicious system of thinking
- paraphilia
Recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects, activities, or situations
- personality disorders
Lifelong personality patterns marked by impairment of social functioning
- pervasive developmental disorders
Group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills
- phobia
Irrational or disabling fear of an object or situation
- post-traumatic stress disorder
Anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event
- projective (personality) test
Diagnostic personality test using stimuli to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual’s personality
- psychiatrist
Physician (MD) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders
psychologist
Nonmedical professional specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease
psychosis
Disorder marked by loss of contact with reality
reality testing
Psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy
repression
Defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious
schizophrenia
Chronic psychotic disorder that may include hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, flat affect, and lack of initiative
sexual disorders
Paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions
somatoform disorder
Presence of physical symptoms that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder or other well-described mental disorder
substance-related disorder
Regular overuse of psychoactive substances that affect the central nervous system
superego
Internalized conscience and moral part of the personality
amphetamines
CNS stimulants that may be used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and depression
atypical antipsychotics
Drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior
benzodiazepines
Drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks
cognitive behavioral therapy
Focuses on the connection between behavior and thoughts
electroconvulsive therapy
Electric current is used to produce convulsions and loss of consciousness; effective in the treatment of major depression
family therapy
Treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts
free association
Psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind
group therapy
Group of patients with similar problems gains insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other
hypnosis
Induced trance (state of altered consciousness)
insight-oriented therapy
Face-to-face discussion of life problems and associated feelings; psychodynamic therapy
lithium
Medication used to treat the manic stage of manic-depressive illness
neuroleptic drug
Any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms
phenothiazines
Antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs
play therapy
Treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings unable to be communicated in a direct manner
psychoanalysis
Treatment that allows the patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior
psychodrama
Group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and social roles with others
psychopharmacology
Treatment of psychiatric disorders with drugs
sedatives
Drugs that lessen anxiety
supportive psychotherapy
Offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events
transference
Psychoanalytic process in which the patient relates to the therapist as though he/she were a prominent childhood figure
tricyclic antidepressants
Drugs used to treat severe depression
anxi/o
uneasy, anxious
auto
self
hallucin/o
hallucination
hypn/o
sleep
iatr/o
treatment
ment/o
mind
neur/o
nerve
phil/o
attraction to, love
phren/o
mind
psych/o
mind
schiz/o
split
somat/o
body
-genic
produced by
-leptic
to seize hold of
-mania
obsessive
-phobia
fear
-phoria
feeling
-thymia
mind
-a-, an-
no, not
bi-
two
cata-
down
hypo-
deficient, less than
para-
abnormal
Fear of strangers is called:
kleptomania
agoraphobia
xenophobia
pyromania
C: xenophobia.
Which of these health professionals has an MD?
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Clinical psychologist
B: psychiatrist.
An uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly is called:
delusion
compulsion
dissociation
amnesia
B: compulsion.
