Chap 7: Urinary System Flashcards
Adrenal gland
Tuyen thuong than
Cortex
Outer region of an organ.
Lop mo ngoai
Medulla
Inner region of an organ; the term comes from the Latin, medulla, meaning narrow.
Tuy xuong than
Hilum
Depression in the part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave;
Comes from the Latin meaning a small thing.
Ron hat
( chua cac day than kinh va mach di wa)
Prostate gland
Tuyen tien liet
Urinary meatus
Lo nieu
Glomeruli, glomerulus
Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney.
Bo mach mau nho
Capillaries: Nhieu mach mau rat nho
Arterioles
Small artery
Tieu dong mach
Capillaries
Mao mach
cac mach mau nho
Nephron
The functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place.
Chat thai ra
Nitrogenous wastes:
- Urea
- Creatinine
- Uric acid
Calyx or calix
Cup like collecting region of the renal pelvis;
The term comes from the Greek, kalux, meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud
Khoang hinh oc (dai hoa)
Catheter
Tube for injecting or removing fluids.
Ong thong duong tieu
Creatinine :
Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
Electrolyte:
Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water.
Chat dien phan
Dissolve: hoa tan
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate production of RBCs by bone marrow;
-poietin means a substance that forms.
Filtration
Process whereby some substances pass through a filter.
Su loc
Glomerular capsule:
Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus;
Also called Bowman capsule.
Kidney
One of two bean-shaped organs that filter nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to form urine.
Nitrogenous waste:
Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine;
Examples are urea, uric acid and creatinine.
Potassium (K+)
An electrolyte regulated by the kidney.
Is electrolyte essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.
Reabsorption:
Renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
Renal artery:
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.
Renal pelvic:
Central collection region in the kidney.
Renal tubules:
Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.
Renal vein:
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney.
Renin :
Hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure.
Sodium (Na+):
An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys;
A common form of sodium is sodium chloride (salt)
Trigone:
Triangular area in the urinary bladder.
Urea:
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
Ureter
One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Urethra:
Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Uric acid:
Nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine.
Urinary bladder:
Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
Urination ( voiding)
Process of expelling urine;
Also called micturition. ( su di dai)
Cali/o , calic/o
Calyx (calix); cup-shaped
Cyst/o
Urinary bladder
Glomerul/o
Glomerulus
Meat/o
Meatus
Mucosal hemorrhage
Xuat huyet man nhay
Acute cystitis:
Viem nhiem bong dai cap tinh
Nephr/o
Kidney
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis
Ren/o
Kidney
Trigon/o
Trigone
Hydronephrosis
Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney.
- Obstruction: su tac nghen
- Renal calculi (stone)
- Buildup : accumulation
Ureter/o
Ureter
urethr/o
Urethra
Vesic/o
Urinary bladder
albumin/o
Albumin
Azot/o
Nitrogen
Bacteri/o
Bacteria
dips/o
Thirst
Kal/o
Potassium
Ket/o, keton/o
Ketone bodies
Lith/o
Stone
Natr/o
Sodium
Noct/o
Night
Olig/o
Scanty
Nho, chat hep, it oi
-poietin
Substance that forms
Py/o
Pus
-tripsy
To crush
Ep, de bep
ur/o
Urea
-uria
Urination; urine condition
urin/o
Urine
Test included in a urinalysis:
- Color ( colorless urine= large amount of water in the urine. Smoky-red or brown= presence of blood in the urine)
- Appearance
- pH ( normal pH is 6.5: slightly acidic)
- Protein ( Protein test looks for albumin, which indicates a leak in the glomerular membrane)
- Glucose ( Glucose presence signals possibility of diabetes)
- Specific gravity ( reflects the amount of wastes and minerals)
- Ketone bodies ( appear when the body breaks down fat)
- Sediment ( are abnormal particles)
- Phenylketonuria ( indicates a lack of enzyme, especially in infants, PKU test measures this)co the k sx enzyme pha vo amino acid do di truyen
- Bilirubin ( results from a hemoglobin breakdown)
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney due to infection;
It can lead to hypertension and renal failure if untreated
Hypertension: chung tang huyet ap
Interstitial nephritis
Inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones ( renal calculi)
Nephrotic syndrome ( nephrosis)
Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
Polycystic kidneys are a hereditary condition characterized by a progressive growth of cysts.
There are 2 types of hereditary PKD.
- One type is usually a symptomatic until middle age and then is marked by maturia, urinary tract infections, and nephrolithiasis.
- The orther type of PKD occurs in infants or children and results in renal failure.
Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney
Bladder cancer
Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
Associated condition:
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted adequately or the kidney is resistant to its effect.
ADH: hormone khang bai nieu
Insipid: nhat nheo, loang
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body.
Chung benh ma kha nang chuyen hoa sugar cua co the bi yeu di
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Measurement of urea levels in blood
Unconsciousness: su bat tinh
Creatinine clearance
Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.
Hemodialysis
May loc mau ( loai bo chat thai ra khoi co the)
Hematuria
Nuoc tieu co mau
Enuresis
Dai dam.
Bedwetting ( in urine)
Renal colic
Kidney pain resulting from a stone in the ureter kidney.
Antidiuretic hormone - ADH
Secreted by the pituitary gland gland and helps reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream.
Urinary incontinence # urinary retention
K the giu nc tieu # k the thai nc tieu
Inability to hold urine in the bladder.
Inability to release urine from the bladder.
