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Medical Terminology > Chap 7: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chap 7: Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Tuyen thuong than

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2
Q

Cortex

A

Outer region of an organ.

Lop mo ngoai

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3
Q

Medulla

A

Inner region of an organ; the term comes from the Latin, medulla, meaning narrow.

Tuy xuong than

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4
Q

Hilum

A

Depression in the part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave;

Comes from the Latin meaning a small thing.

Ron hat

( chua cac day than kinh va mach di wa)

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5
Q

Prostate gland

A

Tuyen tien liet

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6
Q

Urinary meatus

A

Lo nieu

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7
Q

Glomeruli, glomerulus

A

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney.

Bo mach mau nho

Capillaries: Nhieu mach mau rat nho

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8
Q

Arterioles

A

Small artery

Tieu dong mach

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9
Q

Capillaries

A

Mao mach

cac mach mau nho

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10
Q

Nephron

A

The functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place.

Chat thai ra

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11
Q

Nitrogenous wastes:

A
  • Urea
  • Creatinine
  • Uric acid
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12
Q

Calyx or calix

A

Cup like collecting region of the renal pelvis;

The term comes from the Greek, kalux, meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud

Khoang hinh oc (dai hoa)

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13
Q

Catheter

A

Tube for injecting or removing fluids.

Ong thong duong tieu

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14
Q

Creatinine :

A

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

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15
Q

Electrolyte:

A

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water.

Chat dien phan

Dissolve: hoa tan

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16
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate production of RBCs by bone marrow;

-poietin means a substance that forms.

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17
Q

Filtration

A

Process whereby some substances pass through a filter.

Su loc

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18
Q

Glomerular capsule:

A

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus;

Also called Bowman capsule.

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19
Q

Kidney

A

One of two bean-shaped organs that filter nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to form urine.

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20
Q

Nitrogenous waste:

A

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine;

Examples are urea, uric acid and creatinine.

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21
Q

Potassium (K+)

A

An electrolyte regulated by the kidney.

Is electrolyte essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.

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22
Q

Reabsorption:

A

Renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.

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23
Q

Renal artery:

A

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.

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24
Q

Renal pelvic:

A

Central collection region in the kidney.

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25
Q

Renal tubules:

A

Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.

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26
Q

Renal vein:

A

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney.

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27
Q

Renin :

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure.

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28
Q

Sodium (Na+):

A

An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys;

A common form of sodium is sodium chloride (salt)

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29
Q

Trigone:

A

Triangular area in the urinary bladder.

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30
Q

Urea:

A

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

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31
Q

Ureter

A

One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

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32
Q

Urethra:

A

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

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33
Q

Uric acid:

A

Nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine.

34
Q

Urinary bladder:

A

Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.

35
Q

Urination ( voiding)

A

Process of expelling urine;

Also called micturition. ( su di dai)

36
Q

Cali/o , calic/o

A

Calyx (calix); cup-shaped

37
Q

Cyst/o

A

Urinary bladder

38
Q

Glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus

39
Q

Meat/o

A

Meatus

40
Q

Mucosal hemorrhage

A

Xuat huyet man nhay

41
Q

Acute cystitis:

A

Viem nhiem bong dai cap tinh

42
Q

Nephr/o

A

Kidney

43
Q

Pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

44
Q

Ren/o

A

Kidney

45
Q

Trigon/o

A

Trigone

46
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney.

  • Obstruction: su tac nghen
  • Renal calculi (stone)
  • Buildup : accumulation
47
Q

Ureter/o

A

Ureter

48
Q

urethr/o

A

Urethra

49
Q

Vesic/o

A

Urinary bladder

50
Q

albumin/o

A

Albumin

51
Q

Azot/o

A

Nitrogen

52
Q

Bacteri/o

A

Bacteria

53
Q

dips/o

A

Thirst

54
Q

Kal/o

A

Potassium

55
Q

Ket/o, keton/o

A

Ketone bodies

56
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone

57
Q

Natr/o

A

Sodium

58
Q

Noct/o

A

Night

59
Q

Olig/o

A

Scanty

Nho, chat hep, it oi

60
Q

-poietin

A

Substance that forms

61
Q

Py/o

A

Pus

62
Q

-tripsy

A

To crush

Ep, de bep

63
Q

ur/o

A

Urea

64
Q

-uria

A

Urination; urine condition

65
Q

urin/o

A

Urine

66
Q

Test included in a urinalysis:

A
  1. Color ( colorless urine= large amount of water in the urine. Smoky-red or brown= presence of blood in the urine)
  2. Appearance
  3. pH ( normal pH is 6.5: slightly acidic)
  4. Protein ( Protein test looks for albumin, which indicates a leak in the glomerular membrane)
  5. Glucose ( Glucose presence signals possibility of diabetes)
  6. Specific gravity ( reflects the amount of wastes and minerals)
  7. Ketone bodies ( appear when the body breaks down fat)
  8. Sediment ( are abnormal particles)
  9. Phenylketonuria ( indicates a lack of enzyme, especially in infants, PKU test measures this)co the k sx enzyme pha vo amino acid do di truyen
  10. Bilirubin ( results from a hemoglobin breakdown)
67
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney due to infection;

It can lead to hypertension and renal failure if untreated

Hypertension: chung tang huyet ap

68
Q

Interstitial nephritis

A

Inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

69
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stones ( renal calculi)

70
Q

Nephrotic syndrome ( nephrosis)

A

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

71
Q

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

Polycystic kidneys are a hereditary condition characterized by a progressive growth of cysts.

There are 2 types of hereditary PKD.

  • One type is usually a symptomatic until middle age and then is marked by maturia, urinary tract infections, and nephrolithiasis.
  • The orther type of PKD occurs in infants or children and results in renal failure.

Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

72
Q

Bladder cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

73
Q

Associated condition:

Diabetes insipidus (DI)
A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted adequately or the kidney is resistant to its effect.

ADH: hormone khang bai nieu

Insipid: nhat nheo, loang

74
Q

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

Insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body.

Chung benh ma kha nang chuyen hoa sugar cua co the bi yeu di

75
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Measurement of urea levels in blood

Unconsciousness: su bat tinh

76
Q

Creatinine clearance

A

Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.

77
Q

Hemodialysis

A

May loc mau ( loai bo chat thai ra khoi co the)

78
Q

Hematuria

A

Nuoc tieu co mau

79
Q

Enuresis

A

Dai dam.

Bedwetting ( in urine)

80
Q

Renal colic

A

Kidney pain resulting from a stone in the ureter kidney.

81
Q

Antidiuretic hormone - ADH

A

Secreted by the pituitary gland gland and helps reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream.

82
Q

Urinary incontinence # urinary retention

A

K the giu nc tieu # k the thai nc tieu

Inability to hold urine in the bladder.

Inability to release urine from the bladder.

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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