Chap 5 digestive system Flashcards
Defective enzymes aid the breakdown of complex nutrients :
Proteins–> amino acid
Sugars –> glucose
Fats –> fatty acids or triglycerides
Bucc/o
Cheek
Cheil/o, labi/o
Lip
palat/o
Hard or soft palate
Uvul/o
Uvula
gloss/o, lingu/o
Tongue
Tonsill/o
Tonsil
gingiv/o
Gum
dent/i, odont/o
Teeth
Papillae
Nipple
Nhu’
Cental incisor
Lateral incisor
Rang cua
Canine
Rang nanh
Premolar
Rang tien ham
Molar
Rang ham
Crown
Than rang
Root
Chan rang
Enamel
Men rang
Dentin
Mo rang
Pulp
Tuy rang
Gingiva
Gum
Nuu
Cementum
Xuong rang
Root canal
Ong tuy rang
Periodontal membrane
Mang boc rang
Epiglottis
Nap thanh quan
Fundus
Thuong vi ( da day)
Antrum
Hang vi
Pyloric sphincter
Vong co that mon vi
Lower esophageal sphincter
= cardiac sphincter
Vong co that tam vi ( phia cuoi that quan)
Splenic flexure
Phan cong phia duoi la lach
Hepatic flexure
Phan cong phia duoi liver
Duodenum
Ta trang
First part of small intestine
Jejunum
Second part of small intestine
Ileum
Third part of small intestine
Cecum
First part of larger intestine
Ileocecal value
Phan noi giua cecum va ruot non
Villi , villus
Long nhu
Deglutition
Swallow
Hepatic duct
Ong dan gan
Pancreatic duct
Ong tuy
Common bile duct
Ong mat chung
Cystic duct
Ong dan mat
Liver functions:
- Products bile
- Maintain normal blood glucose levels
- Manufacturers blood proteins necessary for clotting.
- Releases bilirubin, a pigment in bile
Excess= hyperbilirubinemia –> jaundice - Removes toxins and poison from blood
Absorption
Small intestine absorbs nutrients
Functions of pancreas:
- Endocrine function : secretes enzymes through duodenum for digestion.
- Exocrine function : secretes insulin from bloodstream to cells
Amino acids:
- Small building block of proteins;
- Released when proteins are digested.
Amylase:
Enzymes secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest STARCH
Bile:
- Digestive juice made in the Liver and stored in the gallbladder;
- Composed of Bile pigments, cholesterol and Bile salts
- Breaks up large fat globules;
Bilirubin:
- pigment released by the Liver in bile.
- Too much results in hyperbilirubemia causing Jaundice and Scleral icterus.
Bowel
Intestine
Common bile duct:
- Carries bile from liver and gallbladder to duodenum;
- also called the Choledochus.
Emulsification:
Physical process of breaking large fat globules into smaller globules.
Enzyme:
- Chemical that speeds up reactions between substances;
- enzyme names end in -ase
Fatty acids:
- Substances produced when fats are digested;
- a category of lipids
Glycogen
Starch;
- Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver cells.
Hydrochloric acid:
- Substance produced by the stomach;
- necessary for digestion of food
Insulin:
Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas ( islets of Langerhans);
Transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver.
Lipase:
Pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats.
Liver:
Stores: sugar, iron and vitamins ;
Secretes bile;
Produces blood proteins;
Destroys worn-out RBCs;
Filters out toxins;
Weighs about 2,5-3 lbs
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Cardiac sphincter
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach
Mastication
Chewing
Pancreas
Organ under the stomach;
Produces insulin and enzymes
Papillae ( papilla)
Small, nipple-like elevations on the tongue
Parotid gland:
Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
Tuyen mang tai
Peristalsis
Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs
Portal vein:
Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
Protease:
Enzyme that digests protein
Pyloric sphincter:
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum;
Opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it.
Rugae:
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
Saliva:
Digestive juice produced by salivary glands;
Contains the enzyme amylase “mouth watering”.
Salivary glands:
Parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands.
Triglycerides:
Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol;
Subgroup of lipids=excess sugar is stored as this type of fat.
an/o
Anus
append/o, appendic/o
Appendix
Bucc/o
Cheek
Cec/o
Cecum
celi/o
Belly, abdomen
Chiel/o
Lip
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
Choledoch/o
Common bile duct
Col/o
Colon
Colon/o
Colon
Dent/i
Tooth
duoden/o
Duodenum
enter/o
Intestines, usually small intestine
esophag/o
Esophagus
faci/o
Face
gingiv/o
Gum
gloss/o
Tongue
Hepat/o
Liver
ile/o
ileum
Jejun/o
Jejunum
labi/o
Lip
lapar/o
Abdomen
lingu/o
Tongue
mandibul/o
Lower jaw, mandible
odont/o
Tooth
or/o
Mouth
palat/o
Palate
pancreat/o
Pancreas
Peritone/o
Peritoneum
Pharyng/o
Throat
proct/o
Anus and rectum
pylor/o
Pyloric sphincter
rect/o
Rectum
sialaden/o
Salivary gland
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
stomat/o
Mouth
Uvul/o
Uvula
amyl/o
Starch
bil/i
Gall, bile
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
Chol/e
Gall or bile
chlorhydr/o
Hydrochloric acid
gluc/o
Sugar
glyc/o
Sugar
glycogen/o
Glycogen, animal starch
lip/o
Fat
lith/o
Stone
prote/o
Protein
py/o
Pus
sial/o
saliva, salivary
steat/o
Fat
-ase
Enzyme
-chezia
Defecation, elimination of wastes
-iasis
Abnormal condition
Prandial
Meal
Anastomose
Ket noi 2 co quan voi nhau
Omentum
Mang noi giua da day va cac co quan trong bung
Mesocolon = Mesentery
Mang treo ruot
Pathology
Benh ly hoc
Anorexia
Chung bien an
Lack of appetite
Ascites
Bung u nuoc, co truong
Borborygmus, borborygmi
Chung soi bung
Constipation
Tao bon
Diarrhea
Tieu chay
Dysphagia
Chung kho nuot
Eructation
Chung o hoi
Flatus
Dit
Hematochezia
ia ra mau tuoi
Jaundice, icterus
Chung vang da, bi duc mat
Melena
ia co mau mau sam, ia mau den
Nausea
Kho chiu o bung va mac oi
Steatorrhea
Cut co mo; cut hoi thoi
Aphthous stomatitis
Noi den
Ulcer
Cho lo loet
Dental caries
Tooth decay
Herpetic stomatitis
Dau mieng do nhiem virus Herpea type 1
Oral leukoplakia
Chung bach san o mieng
Periodontal disease
Bi dau va bi teo nuu, rang va xung quanh xuong rang
Achalasia
Co bi mat gian o LES
Esophageal varices
Chung gian tinh mach o doan cuoi thuc quan
Varicose veins
Tinh mach bi gian
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Trao nguoc da day
Peptic ulcer
Bi loet mang nhay da day hay ta trang
Hernia
Chung thoat vi
Anal fistula
Bat thuong lo ro hau mon
Colonic polyposis
Khoi u, buou nho tren mang nhay ruot
Polyp
Khoi u, buou nho
Colorectal cancer
Ung thu ruot or truc trang or ca 2
Crohn disease
Benh man tinh, benh kinh nien
Chronic
Man tinh, kinh nien
Diverticulosis
Phinh ra tui nho bat thuong trong thanh ruot
Dysentery
Benh ly.
Hemorrhoids
Benh tri ( gia tinh mach vung truc trang)
ileus
Bi tat nghen duong ruot
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Benh viem ruot
Intussusception
Benh long ruot
IBS- irritable bowel syndrome
Hoi chung ruot bi kich thich
Tension , stress
Cang thang
Ulcerative colitis
Viem loet dai trang
Chung viem ruot kinh nien do co nhung cho loet
Volvulus
Chung xoan ruot
cirrhosis
Benh so gan, benh gan man tinh
Contamination
Su nhiem benh
Pathogen
Mam benh
Teratogenic
Di dang (trong thai)
Cholelithiasis
Soi trong tui mat
Plaques or patches
Mang or vet, dom lon
