Chap 5 digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

Defective enzymes aid the breakdown of complex nutrients :

A

Proteins–> amino acid

Sugars –> glucose

Fats –> fatty acids or triglycerides

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2
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

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3
Q

Cheil/o, labi/o

A

Lip

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4
Q

palat/o

A

Hard or soft palate

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5
Q

Uvul/o

A

Uvula

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6
Q

gloss/o, lingu/o

A

Tongue

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7
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Tonsil

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8
Q

gingiv/o

A

Gum

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9
Q

dent/i, odont/o

A

Teeth

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10
Q

Papillae

A

Nipple

Nhu’

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11
Q

Cental incisor

Lateral incisor

A

Rang cua

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12
Q

Canine

A

Rang nanh

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13
Q

Premolar

A

Rang tien ham

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14
Q

Molar

A

Rang ham

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15
Q

Crown

A

Than rang

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16
Q

Root

A

Chan rang

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17
Q

Enamel

A

Men rang

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18
Q

Dentin

A

Mo rang

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19
Q

Pulp

A

Tuy rang

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20
Q

Gingiva

A

Gum

Nuu

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21
Q

Cementum

A

Xuong rang

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22
Q

Root canal

A

Ong tuy rang

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23
Q

Periodontal membrane

A

Mang boc rang

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24
Q

Epiglottis

A

Nap thanh quan

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25
Q

Fundus

A

Thuong vi ( da day)

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26
Q

Antrum

A

Hang vi

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27
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Vong co that mon vi

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28
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

= cardiac sphincter

A

Vong co that tam vi ( phia cuoi that quan)

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29
Q

Splenic flexure

A

Phan cong phia duoi la lach

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30
Q

Hepatic flexure

A

Phan cong phia duoi liver

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31
Q

Duodenum

A

Ta trang

First part of small intestine

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32
Q

Jejunum

A

Second part of small intestine

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33
Q

Ileum

A

Third part of small intestine

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34
Q

Cecum

A

First part of larger intestine

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35
Q

Ileocecal value

A

Phan noi giua cecum va ruot non

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36
Q

Villi , villus

A

Long nhu

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37
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallow

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38
Q

Hepatic duct

A

Ong dan gan

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39
Q

Pancreatic duct

A

Ong tuy

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40
Q

Common bile duct

A

Ong mat chung

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41
Q

Cystic duct

A

Ong dan mat

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42
Q

Liver functions:

A
  1. Products bile
  2. Maintain normal blood glucose levels
  3. Manufacturers blood proteins necessary for clotting.
  4. Releases bilirubin, a pigment in bile
    Excess= hyperbilirubinemia –> jaundice
  5. Removes toxins and poison from blood
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43
Q

Absorption

A

Small intestine absorbs nutrients

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44
Q

Functions of pancreas:

A
  • Endocrine function : secretes enzymes through duodenum for digestion.
  • Exocrine function : secretes insulin from bloodstream to cells
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45
Q

Amino acids:

A
  • Small building block of proteins;

- Released when proteins are digested.

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46
Q

Amylase:

A

Enzymes secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest STARCH

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47
Q

Bile:

A
  • Digestive juice made in the Liver and stored in the gallbladder;
  • Composed of Bile pigments, cholesterol and Bile salts
  • Breaks up large fat globules;
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48
Q

Bilirubin:

A
  • pigment released by the Liver in bile.

- Too much results in hyperbilirubemia causing Jaundice and Scleral icterus.

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49
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine

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50
Q

Common bile duct:

A
  • Carries bile from liver and gallbladder to duodenum;

- also called the Choledochus.

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51
Q

Emulsification:

A

Physical process of breaking large fat globules into smaller globules.

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52
Q

Enzyme:

A
  • Chemical that speeds up reactions between substances;

- enzyme names end in -ase

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53
Q

Fatty acids:

A
  • Substances produced when fats are digested;

- a category of lipids

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54
Q

Glycogen

A

Starch;

  • Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver cells.
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55
Q

Hydrochloric acid:

A
  • Substance produced by the stomach;

- necessary for digestion of food

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56
Q

Insulin:

A

Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas ( islets of Langerhans);

Transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver.

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57
Q

Lipase:

A

Pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats.

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58
Q

Liver:

A

Stores: sugar, iron and vitamins ;

Secretes bile;
Produces blood proteins;
Destroys worn-out RBCs;
Filters out toxins;

Weighs about 2,5-3 lbs

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59
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

Cardiac sphincter

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach

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60
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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61
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ under the stomach;

Produces insulin and enzymes

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62
Q

Papillae ( papilla)

A

Small, nipple-like elevations on the tongue

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63
Q

Parotid gland:

A

Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.

Tuyen mang tai

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64
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

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65
Q

Portal vein:

A

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

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66
Q

Protease:

A

Enzyme that digests protein

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67
Q

Pyloric sphincter:

A

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum;

Opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it.

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68
Q

Rugae:

A

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

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69
Q

Saliva:

A

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands;

Contains the enzyme amylase “mouth watering”.

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70
Q

Salivary glands:

A

Parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands.

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71
Q

Triglycerides:

A

Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol;

Subgroup of lipids=excess sugar is stored as this type of fat.

72
Q

an/o

A

Anus

73
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

Appendix

74
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

75
Q

Cec/o

A

Cecum

76
Q

celi/o

A

Belly, abdomen

77
Q

Chiel/o

A

Lip

78
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

79
Q

Choledoch/o

A

Common bile duct

80
Q

Col/o

A

Colon

81
Q

Colon/o

A

Colon

82
Q

Dent/i

A

Tooth

83
Q

duoden/o

A

Duodenum

84
Q

enter/o

A

Intestines, usually small intestine

85
Q

esophag/o

A

Esophagus

86
Q

faci/o

A

Face

87
Q

gingiv/o

A

Gum

88
Q

gloss/o

A

Tongue

89
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

90
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

91
Q

Jejun/o

A

Jejunum

92
Q

labi/o

A

Lip

93
Q

lapar/o

A

Abdomen

94
Q

lingu/o

A

Tongue

95
Q

mandibul/o

A

Lower jaw, mandible

96
Q

odont/o

A

Tooth

97
Q

or/o

A

Mouth

98
Q

palat/o

A

Palate

99
Q

pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

100
Q

Peritone/o

A

Peritoneum

101
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Throat

102
Q

proct/o

A

Anus and rectum

103
Q

pylor/o

A

Pyloric sphincter

104
Q

rect/o

A

Rectum

105
Q

sialaden/o

A

Salivary gland

106
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

107
Q

stomat/o

A

Mouth

108
Q

Uvul/o

A

Uvula

109
Q

amyl/o

A

Starch

110
Q

bil/i

A

Gall, bile

111
Q

bilirubin/o

A

bilirubin (bile pigment)

112
Q

Chol/e

A

Gall or bile

113
Q

chlorhydr/o

A

Hydrochloric acid

114
Q

gluc/o

A

Sugar

115
Q

glyc/o

A

Sugar

116
Q

glycogen/o

A

Glycogen, animal starch

117
Q

lip/o

A

Fat

118
Q

lith/o

A

Stone

119
Q

prote/o

A

Protein

120
Q

py/o

A

Pus

121
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary

122
Q

steat/o

A

Fat

123
Q

-ase

A

Enzyme

124
Q

-chezia

A

Defecation, elimination of wastes

125
Q

-iasis

A

Abnormal condition

126
Q

Prandial

A

Meal

127
Q

Anastomose

A

Ket noi 2 co quan voi nhau

128
Q

Omentum

A

Mang noi giua da day va cac co quan trong bung

129
Q

Mesocolon = Mesentery

A

Mang treo ruot

130
Q

Pathology

A

Benh ly hoc

131
Q

Anorexia

A

Chung bien an

Lack of appetite

132
Q

Ascites

A

Bung u nuoc, co truong

133
Q

Borborygmus, borborygmi

A

Chung soi bung

134
Q

Constipation

A

Tao bon

135
Q

Diarrhea

A

Tieu chay

136
Q

Dysphagia

A

Chung kho nuot

137
Q

Eructation

A

Chung o hoi

138
Q

Flatus

A

Dit

139
Q

Hematochezia

A

ia ra mau tuoi

140
Q

Jaundice, icterus

A

Chung vang da, bi duc mat

141
Q

Melena

A

ia co mau mau sam, ia mau den

142
Q

Nausea

A

Kho chiu o bung va mac oi

143
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Cut co mo; cut hoi thoi

144
Q

Aphthous stomatitis

A

Noi den

145
Q

Ulcer

A

Cho lo loet

146
Q

Dental caries

A

Tooth decay

147
Q

Herpetic stomatitis

A

Dau mieng do nhiem virus Herpea type 1

148
Q

Oral leukoplakia

A

Chung bach san o mieng

149
Q

Periodontal disease

A

Bi dau va bi teo nuu, rang va xung quanh xuong rang

150
Q

Achalasia

A

Co bi mat gian o LES

151
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Chung gian tinh mach o doan cuoi thuc quan

152
Q

Varicose veins

A

Tinh mach bi gian

153
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Trao nguoc da day

154
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Bi loet mang nhay da day hay ta trang

155
Q

Hernia

A

Chung thoat vi

156
Q

Anal fistula

A

Bat thuong lo ro hau mon

157
Q

Colonic polyposis

A

Khoi u, buou nho tren mang nhay ruot

158
Q

Polyp

A

Khoi u, buou nho

159
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

Ung thu ruot or truc trang or ca 2

160
Q

Crohn disease

A

Benh man tinh, benh kinh nien

161
Q

Chronic

A

Man tinh, kinh nien

162
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Phinh ra tui nho bat thuong trong thanh ruot

163
Q

Dysentery

A

Benh ly.

164
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Benh tri ( gia tinh mach vung truc trang)

165
Q

ileus

A

Bi tat nghen duong ruot

166
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

Benh viem ruot

167
Q

Intussusception

A

Benh long ruot

168
Q

IBS- irritable bowel syndrome

A

Hoi chung ruot bi kich thich

169
Q

Tension , stress

A

Cang thang

170
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Viem loet dai trang

Chung viem ruot kinh nien do co nhung cho loet

171
Q

Volvulus

A

Chung xoan ruot

172
Q

cirrhosis

A

Benh so gan, benh gan man tinh

173
Q

Contamination

A

Su nhiem benh

174
Q

Pathogen

A

Mam benh

175
Q

Teratogenic

A

Di dang (trong thai)

176
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Soi trong tui mat

177
Q

Plaques or patches

A

Mang or vet, dom lon